PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN MOBILITY

我们将检验心理因素影响决策的假设 从而影响老年人是否以及如何表现具有挑战性 身体活动。 在第一部分，决策的相关性研究，400个社区- 居住老人（65至84岁）将回答问卷约四个 具有挑战性的任务说明照片：双手前伸 从一个很短的梯子上，没有手，走进一个湿漉漉的浴缸， 走过结冰的路面，在一个繁忙的忙碌上穿过人行横道， 路口然后，他们将填写关于以下方面的问卷： 他们自我报告的任务表现，（B）决策（考虑因素 积极和消极后果）;（c）自我评定的健康、功能 地位，和三个心理变量（自我效能，自尊， 个人掌握）影响他们的绩效决策。物理和 将使用三种测量方法评估每个人的认知能力。 多元回归分析和结构方程模型，然后将 用来检验心理因素影响 执行任务的意愿以及四个方面的实际表现 任务为了控制假设影响他们的因素， 在这些具有挑战性的任务上的决策和表现，以及 在拟议的22参数模型中验证进一步的联系，我们将 量化疾病和损伤/能力（身体和认知）， 这个团体。 在第二部分中，通过实验操纵心理变量， 不同年龄和功能状态的受试者执行具有挑战性的任务， 我们将研究心理因素如何影响 影响观察到的两个第一部分任务的表现：最大前伸 从凸起的表面（120名受试者）和踏上光滑的表面 (120科目）。 这项研究将深入了解心理变量如何影响 每个老年人在面对表演时所做的决定， 具有挑战性的体力活动。这些见解应该会带来更好的 干预措施，以改善那些不一定 限制他们的身体活动，并减少受伤的风险， 继续执行这些任务。

We will test the hypothesis that psychological factors impact decision making, thereby affecting whether and how elderly perform challenging physical activities. In Part I, a correlational study of decision-making, 400 community- dwelling elderly (65 to 84 years) will answer questionnaires about four challenging tasks illustrated by photographs: a bimanual forward reach from a short step-ladder, stepping into a wet bathtub without hands, walking across an icy patch, and crossing a pedestrian crosswalk at a busy intersection. They will then complete questionnaires with regard to: (a) their self-reported task performance, (b) decision making (considerations of positive and negative consequences); (c) self-rated health, functional status, and three psychological variables (self-efficacy, self-esteem, personal mastery) affecting their performance decisions. Physical and cognitive capabilities will each be assessed using three measures. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation models will then be used to test the hypothesis that psychological factors influence the willingness to perform the tasks as well as actual performance on the four tasks. In order to control for factors hypothesized to effect their decision making and performance on these challenging tasks, and to validate further linkages in a proposed 22 parameter model, we will quantify disease and impairment/capacities (physical and cognitive) in this group. In Part II, by experimentally manipulating psychologically variables a subjects of varying age and functional status perform challenging tasks, we will examine causal mechanisms underlying how psychological factors affect observed performance of two Part I tasks: maximum forward reach from raised surface (120 subjects) and stepping onto a slippery surface (120 subjects). This research will field insight into how psychological variables affect decisions made by every elderly individual confronted with performing physically challenging activities. The insights should lead to better interventions for improving quality of life in those who un-necessarily limit their physical activities, and for reducing injury risk in those who continue to perform such tasks.