ANALYSIS OF SPACE BY THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

经验在塑造结构和结构上起着关键作用 发育中的中枢神经系统的功能特性。什么时候 经验是丰富和正常的，它会导致大脑针对 个人。然而，当体验长期不正常时，如 疾病、缺陷、伤害或功能障碍的后果，例如， 经验可能会导致结构和功能的异常。为了更多的人 受敏感期影响的通路，这些影响导致 永久性神经性残疾。这项拟议的研究调查了 在系统、细胞和分子水平上，经验的影响 关于发育中的中枢听觉系统。这项研究的重点是 处理空间信息的路径，在 相对详细信息。经验对这些途径的影响是 戏剧性的，容易量化的。研究谷仓猫头鹰是因为 在这方面，空间处理途径尤其发达。 物种，并确定了敏感期。胞外 神经生理学、药理学和解剖学技术将是 结合双耳声音刺激来表征这两个 异常感觉体验对听觉能力的影响 系统在恢复正常后恢复正常功能 经验。两种不同感官挑战的效果将是 对比：视力异常和听力异常。在中脑空间 加工路径，在那里塑性位置已经知道， 研究强调可塑性的细胞和分子机制 和敏感期(解剖重组的作用，特定的 神经递质受体、神经营养素和性类固醇)。另外， 支配这一现象的指导性信号的解剖来源和性质 我们将探讨可塑性。在前脑空间处理路径中， 这项研究集中在确定可塑性和 表征了可塑性的特性。这项研究旨在 提供一种机械的理解，理解经验对 发展中枢听觉系统。关于神经元方面的知识 通过体验改变的连接性以及这些改变是如何 可能会改善许多人的治疗策略 患有或曾长期患有 不正常的感觉体验。此外，结果应该会教会我们 关于中央银行的正常结构、功能和发展 听觉系统。

Experience plays a critical role in shaping the structural and functional properties of the developing central nervous system. When experience is rich and normal, it leads to a brain that is optimized for the individual. When experience is chronically abnormal, however, as a consequence of disease, defects, injury or dysfunction, for example, experience can lead to abnormal structure and function. For the many pathways that are subject to sensitive periods, these effects result in permanent neurological disability. The proposed research investigates, at the systems, cellular and molecular levels, the effects of experience on the developing central auditory system. The research focuses on the pathways that process spatial information, pathways that are known in relative detail. The effects of experience on these pathways are dramatic and readily quantified. The barn owl is studied because the space processing pathways are particularly well developed in this species, and the sensitive periods have been established. Extracellular neurophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical techniques will be combined with dichotic sound stimulation to characterize both the effects of abnormal sensory experience and the ability of the auditory system to recover normal function following restoration of normal experience. The effects of two different sensory challenges will be compared: abnormal vision and abnormal hearing. In the midbrain space processing pathway, where sites of plasticity are already known, the research emphasizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plasticity and sensitive periods (the roles of anatomical reorganization, specific neurotransmitter receptors, neurotrophins, and sex steroids). Also, the anatomical source and nature of the instructive signal that governs this plasticity will be explored. In the forebrain space processing pathway, the research concentrates on identifying sites of plasticity and characterizing the properties of the plasticity. This research aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of the effects of experience on the developing central auditory system. Knowledge of the aspects of neuronal connectivity that are altered by experience and how these alterations are implemented may lead to improved therapeutic strategies for the many individuals who suffer from or have suffered from prolonged periods of abnormal sensory experience. In addition, the results should teach us much about the normal structure, function and development of the central auditory system.