ASSORTMENT AND TRANSMISSION OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO USE

对配偶饮酒和吸烟相似性的研究发现，相关性在程度上是中等到很强的。 在定量行为遗传学研究中，对酒精和烟草相关行为的选择性交配的评估对于获得遗传和共享环境效应的无偏估计至关重要;然而，分类效应很少被考虑在内。 此外，许多早期的分类研究缺乏全面的测试配偶相似性的替代解释的表型分类，包括社会同型婚配。 我们建议使用遗传信息双亲属设计，包括同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎，他们的配偶，和后代，解决的分类机制，以及模型的父母-后代传播。 这项研究将集中于1977年收集的数据，这些数据来自1911年至1935年出生的138对瑞典双胞胎及其配偶的人口样本。 双胞胎亲属样本将增加745对来自瑞典收养/双胞胎老龄化研究（SATSA）的同性双胞胎。烟草和酒精使用的评估是通过自我报告问卷调查进行的。 关于其他物质使用的信息（例如，咖啡因、镇静剂）和社会经济指标。 行为遗传学分析将被用来解决以下六个问题：（1）什么机制的分类占配偶相似的酒精和吸烟消费？ (2)在各种模型下，分类对估计遗传和环境对酒精和烟草消费个体差异的贡献有什么影响？ (3)酒精和烟草消费的分类是主要的还是次要的，其次才是教育或其他社会经济因素的分类？ (4)是否有一种更复杂的物质使用表型，在这种表型上发生分类？ (5)在一个适当的分类模型下，什么样的亲子传播模型可以解释家族相似性？(6)在多大程度上，共同的遗传和环境影响解释了酒精和烟草消费之间的二元关系？ 这项研究还将调查潜在的世代和性别差异。

Studies of spouse similarity for alcohol and tobacco consumption find correlations that are moderate to strong in magnitude. The assessment of assortative mating for alcohol- and tobacco-related behaviors is critical for obtaining unbiased estimates of genetic and shared environmental effects in quantitative behavioral genetic studies; however, assortment effects have rarely been taken into account. Furthermore, many earlier studies of assortment lacked comprehensive testing of alternative explanations of spouse similarity to that of phenotypic assortment, including social homogamy. We propose to use a genetically informative twin-kinship design, including monozygotic and dizygotic twins, their spouses, and offspring, to resolve the mechanisms of assortment as well as models of parent-offspring transmission. The study will focus on data collected in 1977 from a population-based sample of 138 Swedish twin pairs and their spouses born between 1911 and 1935. The twin-kinship sample will be augmented with 745 same-sex twin pairs from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). Assessments of tobacco and alcohol use were made by self-report questionnaire surveys. Information on other substance use (e.g., caffeine, tranquilizers) and socioeconomic indicators was also gathered. Behavioral genetic analyses will be utilized to address the following six questions: (1) What mechanisms of assortment account for spouse similarity for alcohol and smoking consumption? (2) What is the impact of assortment on estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences on alcohol and tobacco consumption under various models? (3) Is the assortment for alcohol and tobacco consumption primary or does it occur secondarily to assortment for education or other socioeconomic factors? (4) Is there a more complex phenotype of substance use on which assortment takes place? (5) What model of parent-offspring transmission accounts for familial similarity given an appropriate model of assortment? (6) To what relative extent do common genetic and environmental influences account for the bivariate relationship between alcohol and tobacco consumption? This study will also investigate potential generation and gender differences.