TRANSDISCIPLINARY TOBACCO USE RESEARCH CENTER

产品说明：（申请人的描述）提出了四个研究项目，每个项目都跨越中心资助的最初五年：预防跨文化烟草使用，项目1，将评估多元和单一文化背景下不同文化的青少年中吸烟和ETS暴露预防的文化调整方法。在加州和夏威夷的初中和高中进行的第一次试验比较了针对五种特定API和HL文化（中国、菲律宾、夏威夷、墨西哥和中美洲）修改的社会影响预防方法。第二个测试的有效性，一个修改后的西方预防模式，预防吸烟和ETS暴露在一个单一的文化背景下，中国武汉。通过从其他来源分摊大量费用，两项大型试验得以进行。跨学科团队由心理学家，人类学家，流行病学家，生物统计学家，教育家，人口统计学家，地理学家，环境和呼吸科学家以及公共卫生研究人员组成，他们合作确定人口，设计措施和干预计划，并分析数据。该项目为项目2和项目3提供数据，并与项目2和项目3高度互动。文化价值观在青少年吸烟中的作用，项目2，研究了TUPACT项目中研究的六种文化中文化，文化适应和媒体的作用。在试验措施的基础上，项目2评估了文化的具体特征及其在文化内部和文化之间的变化，因为它们与吸烟和ETS暴露直接和相互作用。这个跨学科小组由心理学家、人类学家、流行病学家、生物统计学家和一名地理学家组成。项目3使用项目1中纵向试验的数据来评估多元和单一文化的特征，这些特征影响吸烟的常规和成瘾水平。与项目1和2一样，本项目的目标需要来自多个学科的社会科学家、环境科学家和遗传学家的合作。项目1、2和3在制定发展概念模型和设计测试这些模型的措施方面具有高度互动性。项目1和项目2为项目1后续阶段的干预提供信息。在不同人群中反对烟草广告，项目4，研究了接触媒体广告和反广告对吸烟和ETS接触的单独和互动影响。这项研究使用我们的连续全州范围内的调查青年和成年人，以评估相关的结果暴露于州和地方烟草控制计划资助下的加州立法，以及暴露于烟草营销。这些调查的结果被用来制定针对特定族裔群体的干预措施，然后在纵向研究中对其进行测试。基因环境相互作用和儿童呼吸健康，一个完全由NIEHS校内研究部资助的相关项目，将成为该中心的一部分。该项目与项目1相互作用，收集颊细胞样本，用于武汉青年的遗传测定和空气暴露，并为项目1提供呼吸和其他健康结果的措施。未来，该项目将与项目3、试点项目2和基因环境团队互动，评估武汉队列中遗传、个性和烟草使用变量之间的关系。建议开展两项试点研究。一个是探索社会资源的可用性和使用（社交网络、社会支持系统等）。西班牙裔/拉丁裔青年，因为他们与烟草使用的吸收和进展。另一个假设，情绪和驱动器将影响吸烟在非常不同的文化，文化（中国和波斯）缓和抑郁，焦虑和新奇寻求一方面和吸烟之间的关系。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) Four research projects are proposed, each to span the initial five years of center funding: The Preventing Tobacco Use Across Cultures, Project 1, will assess culturally-tuned approaches to tobacco smoking and ETS exposure prevention among the youth of different cultures in both pluralistic and monolithic cultural settings. The first trial, carried out in California and Hawaiian middle and high schools compares a social influences approach to prevention modified for five specific API and HL cultures (Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Mexican, and Central American). The second tests the effectiveness of a modified Western prevention model for prevention of smoking and ETS exposure in a mono-cultural Chinese setting, that of Wuhan, China. Two large trials are made feasible by substantial cost- sharing from other sources. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, an anthropologist, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, an educator, a demographer, a geographer, environmental and respiratory scientists, and public health researchers who collaborate in identifying populations, designing measures and intervention programs, and analyzing data. This project provides data for and interacts highly with Projects 2 and 3. Role of cultural values in adolescent smoking, Project 2, examines the role of culture, acculturation, and media in the six cultures studied in the TUPACT project. Building on the measures for the trials, Project 2 assesses specific features of culture and their variation both within and across cultures as they relate directly and interactively with smoking and ETS exposure. The transdisciplinary team consists of psychologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, and a geographer. Smoking progression among culturally diverse youth, Project 3, uses data from the longitudinal trials in Project 1 to assess features of pluralistic and monolithic cultures that influence progression to regular and addictive levels of smoking. Like Projects 1 and 2, the aims of this project require the collaboration of social scientists from several disciplines, environmental scientists, and geneticists. Projects 1, 2, and 3 are highly interactive in developing conceptual models for development and designing measures to test those models. And Project 1 and Project 2 inform later stages of interventions in Project 1. Countering Tobacco Advertising in Diverse Populations, Project 4, examines the separate and interactive effects of exposure to media advertising and counter-advertising on smoking and ETS exposure. This study uses our sequential statewide surveys of youth and adults to assess outcomes related to exposure to state and local tobacco control programs funded under California legislation, as well as exposure to tobacco marketing. Results from these surveys are used to develop interventions for specific ethnic groups, then test them in a longitudinal study. Gene environment interaction and childhood respiratory health, a related project funded entirely by the Division of Intramural Research at NIEHS, will be a part of this center as allowed in the program announcement. This project interacts with Project 1 in the collection of buccal cell samples for genetic determinations and air exposures for Wuhan youth, and provides measures for respiratory and other health outcomes for Project 1. In the future this project will interact with Project 3, Pilot Project 2, and the gene-environment team to assess relationships among genetic, personality, and tobacco use variables in the Wuhan cohort. Two pilot studies are proposed. One explores the availability and use of social resources (social networks, social support systems, etc.) by Hispanic/Latino youth as they relate to tobacco use uptake and progression. The other hypothesizes that emotion and drive will affect smoking differently in very different cultures, that culture (Chinese and Persian) moderates the relationship between depression, anxiety and novelty seeking on the one hand and cigarette smoking on the other.