DEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUITY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN REACTIVITY IN MONKEYS

该项目通过对恒河猴和卷尾猴的纵向比较研究，调查灵长类动物的生物行为发育，特别强调对环境新奇性和挑战的不同行为和生理反应的个体模式的特征，并确定在不同的物理和社会环境中饲养的不同遗传背景的个体的长期发育后果。 在2000财政年度进行的研究（a）描述了恒河猴5-羟色胺1D B受体基因（5-HT 1D B）的多态性，在LCE恒河猴群体中等位基因频率分别为p=.82和q=.18;（B）证明了5-HT基因多态性状态与1个月龄恒河猴婴儿行为障碍测量值之间的预测关系;（c）证实了5-HTT多态性与恒河猴新生儿的视觉定向能力、状态控制和活动水平的早期养育史之间的显著相互作用;（d）使用MRI扫描，在一岁恒河猴中记录了总脑体积的性别差异，但不记录总体重的性别差异;（e）幼年恒河猴活动模式的昼夜节律性的特征性发育变化;（f）公开了初级中枢5-羟色胺代谢物5-羟色胺的脑脊液（CSF）浓度与神经系统疾病之间的预测关系，（g）表征CSF 5-HIAA浓度的显著饲养条件差异，其对于恒河猴从婴儿期到青春期保持稳定;（h）记录了恒河猴幼猴在轻度环境挑战后CSF促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）浓度的饲养条件差异;（i）证明CRH 1型受体拮抗剂analarmin抑制成年雄性恒河猴的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）活性和恐惧的行为表现;和（j）记录的在卷尾猴幼猴中HPA反应性与各种社会行为和环境探索的具体测量之间的预测关系，其与先前在恒河猴中的发现相似，尽管这两个物种在社会活动的总体速率和社会群体结构和动态方面存在重大差异。

This project investigates primate biobehavioral development through comparative longitudinal studies of rhesus and capuchin monkeys, with special emphasis on characterizing individual patterns of differential behavioral and physiological responses to environmental novelty and challenge and on determining long-term developmental consequences for individuals of different genetic backgrounds reared in different physical and social environments. Research carried out during FY00 (a) characterized a polymorphism in the serotonin 1Db receptor gene (5-HT1Db) for rhesus monkeys, with allele frequencies of p=.82 and q=.18, respecively, in the LCE rhesus monkey colony; (b) demonstrated a predictive relationship between polymorphic status of the 5-HTT gene and measures of behavioral disturbance in 1-month-old rhesus monkey infants; (c) demonstrated significant interactions between 5-HTT polymorphisms and early rearing history for visual orienting capabilities, state control, and activity levels in rhesus monkey neonates; (d) using MRI scans, documented sex differences in total brain volume, but not in total body weight, in yearling rhesus monkeys; (e) characterized developmental changes in circadian rhythmicity of activity patterns in young rhesus monkeys; (f) disclosed a predictive relationship betweencerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the primary central serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and measures of fearfulness and sociality in 1-month-old rhesus monkey infants; (g) characterized significant rearing condition differences in CSF 5-HIAA concentrations that remained stable for rhesus monkeys from infancy to adolescence; (h) documented rearing condition differences in CSF concentrations of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) following a mild environmental challenge in rhesus monkey juveniles; (i) demonstrated that the CRH type 1 receptor antagonist analarmin suppresses hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and behavioral manifestations of fearfulness in adult male rhesus monkeys; and (j) documented predictive relationships between HPA reactivity and a variety of specific measures of social behavior and environmental exploration in capuchin monkey juveniles that parallelled previous findings in rhesus monkeys, despite major differences between the two species in overall rates of social activity and in social group structure and dynamics.