Optoelectronic Devices Based on Emerging 2D Materials

放射性同位素是武器爆炸和福岛和切尔诺贝利等核电站灾难所产生的核尘埃对全球健康的危害。斯堪的纳维亚半岛和挪威的放射性尘埃污染仍然超过了禁止放牧牛的法定限值(3000 Bq/kg)。用于检测放射性的手持实验室仪器，如盖革计数器，提供了一种可靠的测量电离辐射的方法，但这些设备对于检测零售店的每一种食品来说，效率或成本效益都不高。此外，这些装置不容易嵌入食品包装或衣服中，以提供需要高度机械灵活性的新颖解决方案，例如实验室大衣。与此同时，恐怖主义构成的日益严重的威胁，以及最近在伦敦杀害前俄罗斯联邦安全局特工A·利特维年科时使用放射性物质的事件，使国家和国际安全部门有充分理由开发概念上能够揭露非法走私放射性物质的新技术。这项提议的目的是展示第一个嵌入在纺织纤维上的放射性探测器。这种探测器将基于一种新型的不可察觉、灵活和超轻的传感器，这种传感器利用氟化石墨烯在暴露于放射源时发生的绝缘体到金属的转变。

Radioactive isotopes are a global health hazard in nuclear fallout from both weapon detonation and disasters at power stations such as Fukushima and Chernobyl. The radioactive contamination of fallout in Scandinavia and Norway still exceeds the legal limit (3000 Bq/kg) prohibiting the grazing of cattle. Hand held laboratory instruments used to detect radioactivity such as Geiger counters provide a reliable way of measuring ionising radiation but these devices are not efficient or cost effective to test every item of food in retail shops for example. Furthermore, these devices are not easy to embed in food packaging or clothing to provide novel solutions for which a high degree of mechanical flexibility is required, such as laboratory coats for example. At the same time, the growing threats posed by terrorism together with the recent use of radioactive substances in the killing of the former Russian FSB agent A. Litvinenko in London make a compelling case for National and International security to develop conceptually new technologies able to uncover illegal smuggling of radioactive substances. The aim of this proposal is to demonstrate the first radioactivity detector embedded on textile fibres. This detector will be based on a new class of imperceptible, flexible and ultra-lightweight sensors which exploit the insulator-to-metal transition occurring in fluorinated graphene upon exposure to a radioactive source.