Oxidation State Determination in Chromium Carcinogenesis

描述（由申请人提供）：一些铬（VI）化合物被记录下来，人类建议测量细胞内铬致癌物质的氧化状态，但铬致癌的确切机制尚不清楚。细胞内铬的氧化态测定将为暴露和风险评估提供重要信息，并有助于了解铬的致癌机制。我们提出用x射线吸收近边结构（XANES）光谱测量细胞内Cr的氧化态。直到现在，XANES技术还不是很实用，依赖于昂贵的同步加速器。这种有价值的技术可以通过采用革命性的环形晶体光学器件的低功耗低成本系统来实现。XOS已经成功地进行了一期研究，并证明了在空气中使用台式XANES系统进行铬氧化测定的可行性。在该二期工程中，将设计一个全面优化的系统。人类细胞将在培养基中制备，并用Cr暴露处理。将使用XANES系统监测Cr（Vl）降至Cr（ll）的过程。该XANES技术在临床研究中的实际应用及其商业化将被评估。这将首次为医疗、研究和工业应用提供一种紧凑、低功耗的桌面系统，涵盖大多数元素周期表的广泛化学状态测量能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Some chromium (VI) compounds are documented human propose measuring the intracellular oxidation state of Cr carcinogens, but the exact mechanism of Cr induced cancer is unknown. Oxidation state determination of intracellular Cr will provide important information relevant to exposure and risk assessment, and for understanding the mechanism of Cr carcinogenesis. We propose measuring the intracellular oxidation state of Cr using x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Until now, the XANES technique was not very practical, relying on costly synchrotrons. This valuable technique could be implemented using a lower power cost-effective system incorporating a revolutionary toroidal crystal optic. XOS has successfully carried out the Phase I research and demonstrated the feasibility of Cr oxidation determination using a table-top XANES system operated with samples in air. In this Phase II project, a fully optimized system will be designed. Human cells will be prepared in culture mediums and treated with Cr exposure. The reduction of Cr(Vl) to Cr(lll) will be monitored using the XANES system. The practical application of this XANES technique for clinical research and its commercialization will be evaluated. This would make available, for the first time, a broad chemical-state measurement capability covering most of the periodic table in a compact, low-power table-top system for medical, research, and industrial applications.