New Optics for Trace Level Detection of Toxins in Environmental and Biological Sa

用于环境和生物样品中痕量毒素检测的新型光学器件

• 批准号: 7926543
• 负责人: ZEWU CHEN
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: X-RAY OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7926543
• 关键词: Agrochemicals; Antimony; Biological; Biological Monitoring; Cadmium; Cardiovascular system; Caring; Characteristics; Chelation Therapy; Chemicals; Consumer Product Safety; Custom; Data Set; Detection; Development; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Disease; Elements; Environment; Environmental and Occupational Exposure; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiologist; Fluorescence; Forensic Medicine; Genes; Health; Health Personnel; Heart; Heavy Metals; Home environment; In Vitro; Indium; Individual; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Liquid substance; Liver; Lung; Manufacturer Name; Maps; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Metals; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Noise; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Optics; Paint; Pathology; Patient Monitoring; Patients; Performance; Pharmacologic Substance; Photons; Positioning Attribute; Production; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Roentgen Rays; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Signal Transduction; Societies; Solutions; Source; Spottings; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tissue Sample; Toxic effect; Toxin; Trace metal; absorption; base; bone; commercial application; commercialization; consumer product; cost; cost effective; design; drug development; farmer; gastrointestinal; improved; in vivo; instrument; interest; meetings; public health relevance; rapid technique; reproductive; respiratory; toxic metal

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a convenient, nondestructive, rapid technique that is effective at identifying specific elements in a wide variety of matrices. There are ten elements regulated for their toxic effects world- wide. The challenge is that these ten elements are difficult or impossible to measure simultaneously at the regulated levels with traditional XRF or any other chemical or combustion technique. It is both difficult and expensive to limit the exposure risk to these toxins for medical, regulatory, and manufacturing teams. Two of the most difficult elements for XRF are cadmium (Cd) and antimony (Sb). In the proposed project, XOS will develop X-ray optics that can be integrated into commercial XRF systems. XOS already provides other x-ray optics for other medical, compliance, and research instruments. The team includes the world leaders in developing optics for and integrating optics into analytical systems. XOS will develop X-ray optics for Cd and Sb measurements that meet or exceed the regulated levels. The proposed optics is based on extending the capabilities of our successful, commercially available monochromatic optics and doubly-curved crystal (DCC) optics to higher energy ranges than are currently possible. Thus, they will retain the high-sensitivity and low-background advantages of the current DCC optics. The optics will be designed, developed, tested, and validated in the proposed project. The proposed new optics for Cd and Sb will be incredibly valuable to epidemiological studies, occupational exposure monitoring, and medical treatment teams, as well as manufacturers by using the optics in an XRF instrument which is accurate, reliable, nondestructive, simple-to-use, inexpensive, and compact. Such an optic-enabled instrument would have a positive impact on public health by rapidly identifying the source and level of risks, screening for toxicity, assessing levels in patients with related diseases (e.g., pulmonary or kidney disease), monitoring patients undergoing chelation therapy, conducting a heavy metal screen for people with an occupational exposure risk, and helping manufacturers and farmers eliminate these toxins. Further, the in-vitro detection of these trace metals could be compared to existing data sets in wider exposure studies such as the Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI). This significantly increases the usefulness and marketability of the instrument. Because of the broad commercial applications, this will enable the production of lower-cost instruments for medical, environmental, and occupational exposure applications. Society will benefit from improved knowledge of the role of these metals which are linked to many respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, and musculoskeletal diseases (DHHS 1992, 1999). Use in bone, renal, heart, liver, etc. studies of other medical pathologies and in other fields such as forensic, atmospheric, geological, agricultural, chemical, pharmaceutical etc. will, over time, greatly broaden the medical, scientific, industrial, and, therefore, societal benefits. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project will develop the X-ray optics for cadmium and antimony to enable X-ray fluorescence to simultaneously measure the entire range of toxic elements normally monitored for occupational exposure, medical treatment, consumer products, and industrial uses with an instrument which is accurate, reliable, nondestructive, simple-to-use, inexpensive, and compact. Such an optic-enabled instrument would have a positive impact on public health by rapidly identifying the source and level of risks, screening for toxicity, assessing levels in patients with related diseases (e.g., pulmonary or renal disease, and reproductive or developmental effects), monitoring patients undergoing chelation therapy, conducting a heavy metal screen for people with an occupational exposure risk, and helping manufacturers and farmers eliminate these toxins from their products. Further, the in-vitro detection of these trace metals could be compared to existing data sets in wider exposure studies such as the Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI), which significantly increases the usefulness and marketability of the instrument and, therefore, will enable the production of lower- cost instruments for medical, environmental, and occupational exposure applications.

说明(申请人提供)：X射线荧光(XRF)是一种方便、非破坏性、快速的技术，可有效识别各种基质中的特定元素。全球范围内有十种元素因其毒性作用而受到监管。挑战在于，用传统的XRF或任何其他化学或燃烧技术很难或不可能在规定的水平上同时测量这十种元素。对于医疗、监管和制造团队来说，限制这些毒素的暴露风险既困难又昂贵。XRF最难处理的两种元素是镉(Cd)和锑(Sb)。在拟议的项目中，XOS将开发可集成到商业XRF系统中的X射线光学设备。XOS已经为其他医疗、合规和研究仪器提供了其他X射线光学设备。该团队包括为分析系统开发光学和将光学集成到分析系统中的世界领先企业。XOS将开发符合或超过规定水平的Cd和Sb测量的X射线光学设备。建议的光学系统基于将我们成功的商用单色光学系统和双弯曲晶体(DCC)光学系统的能力扩展到比目前可能的能量范围更高的能量范围。因此，它们将保留当前DCC光学器件的高灵敏度和低本底优势。光学系统将在拟议的项目中进行设计、开发、测试和验证。拟议的用于镉和锑的新光学元件将对流行病学研究、职业暴露监测和医疗团队以及制造商具有难以置信的价值，因为在XRF仪器中使用光学元件是准确、可靠、无损、使用简单、廉价和紧凑的。这种光学仪器将对公众健康产生积极影响，因为它可以迅速确定风险的来源和水平，筛查毒性，评估相关疾病(如肺部或肾脏疾病)患者的水平，监测正在接受螯合治疗的患者，对有职业接触风险的人进行重金属筛查，并帮助制造商和农民消除这些毒素。此外，这些痕量金属的体外检测可以与更广泛的暴露研究中的现有数据集进行比较，例如基因、环境与健康倡议(GEI)。这大大增加了该工具的有用性和适销性。由于广泛的商业应用，这将使医疗、环境和职业暴露应用的低成本仪器的生产成为可能。提高对这些金属作用的认识将使社会受益，这些金属与许多呼吸道、心血管、肾脏、胃肠、血液和肌肉骨骼疾病有关(卫生部1992年，1999年)。随着时间的推移，用于骨、肾、心脏、肝脏等其他医学病理学研究以及其他领域，如法医、大气、地质、农业、化学、制药等，将极大地扩大医疗、科学、工业和社会效益。 与公众健康相关：拟议的项目将开发镉和锑的X射线光学，使X射线荧光能够使用准确、可靠、无损、简单、廉价和紧凑的仪器，同时测量职业暴露、医疗、消费品和工业用途通常监测的所有有毒元素。这种光学仪器将通过以下方式对公众健康产生积极影响：快速确定风险来源和水平、筛选毒性、评估相关疾病患者(例如肺部或肾脏疾病、生殖或发育影响)的水平、监测接受螯合治疗的患者、对有职业暴露风险的人进行重金属筛查，以及帮助制造商和农民从其产品中消除这些毒素。此外，这些痕量金属的体外检测可以与更广泛的暴露研究中的现有数据集进行比较，例如基因、环境和健康倡议(GEI)，这大大提高了仪器的有用性和适销性，因此将能够生产用于医疗、环境和职业暴露应用的低成本仪器。