INFORMATION PROCESSING BIASES IN DEPRESSION

抑郁症是所有精神疾病中最普遍的， 占所有精神疾病经济成本的20%以上。 大量的理论关注都集中在这种可能性上。 这种消极的想法可能不仅代表了抑郁症的一个特征， 但这也是这种疾病的一个脆弱因素。最近 有影响力的研究范式使抑郁类型具有可操作性 关于选择性注意和记忆负面事物的认知 情感刺激。拟议调查的总体目标是 要利用这一范式来研究认知偏见在 抑郁症的发病和病程，并检查神经生物学 抑郁症认知偏差的基础。具体目标包括 (1)考察认知偏差对预测疾病进程的效用 两年期间的抑郁症状和诊断状况； 定位这些偏见的神经生物学基础；以及(3) 考察这些偏见的广度及其对 抑郁症。为了实现这些目标，标准化的认知信息-- 加工任务将用来识别30个“高偏向”和30个“低偏向” 精神科门诊中的抑郁症患者。 这些偏见在抑郁症患者中的广度将被比较 30例广泛性焦虑症患者的认知偏向 精神障碍，30名被诊断为社交恐惧症的患者，30名非患者 控制。每名抑郁症患者将接受为期一年的随访， 当患者达到以下标准时，将重新评估认知偏差的程度 临床缓解。关于神经生物学的假说 抑郁型认知偏差的基础将通过以下方式进行测试 进行抑郁症的功能性磁共振成像(MRI)(和 后来，被免除的)患者在执行信息时- 正在处理任务。

Depression is among the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders, accounting for over 20 percent of economic costs for all mental illness. A great deal of theoretical attention has focused on the possibility that negative thinking might represent not only a feature of depression, but a vulnerability factor for this disorder as well. A recent influential research paradigm has operationalized depressotypic cognitions in terms of selective attention to, and memory for, negative emotional stimuli. The overall goal of the proposed investigations is to utilize this paradigm to investigate the role of cognitive biases in onset and course of depression, and to examine neurobiological foundations of cognitive biases in depression. Specific aims include (1) examining the utility of cognitive biases to predict the course of depressive symptoms and diagnostic status over a two-year period; (2) localizing the neurobiological underpinnings of these biases; and (3) examining the breadth of these biases and their specificity to depression. To achieve these aims, standardized cognitive information- processing tasks will be used to identify 30 "high-bias" and 30 "low- bias" depressed patients in psychiatric outpatient clinics. The nature and breadth of these biases in the depressed patients will be compared to cognitive biases among 30 patients diagnoses with generalized anxiety disorder, 30 patients diagnosed with social phobia, and 30 non-patient controls. Each depressed patient will be followed for one year, and the degree of cognitive biases will be reassessed when the patient achieves clinical remission. Hypotheses concerning the neurobiological underpinnings of depressotypic cognitive biases will be tested by conducting functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of depressed (and later, remitted) patients while they are performing information- processing tasks.