Individuality and malleability in the human voice: Articulatory setting and its implications for forensic speaker comparison.

声音是人类身份认同的基础。它传达了关于说话者的广泛的社会信息，如年龄、性别认同和地区背景，同时也提供了一种方式，通过这种方式，一个人可以被识别为个人。人类声音的这种假设的个体性在法医背景下非常重要；在刑事调查中，法医语音学家被要求评估记录的语音样本是否与嫌疑人的相似并不少见(Nolan，1991)。虽然语音可以作为身份的强健指示器，但它也具有令人难以置信的可塑性。不同的人在不同的语境中会有不同的言语(Sharma，2011)，一些说话者可以高度准确地模仿他人的言语(Leemann&Kolly，2015)。声音作为个体和可塑性之间的这种动态对于法医案件来说是有问题的，因为它倾向于说话者之间的高变异性和说话者内的低变异性的语境。这也引发了人们的疑问，即一个人的声音是否存在根本上的独特性。确定声音是否是唯一的，如果是，在哪些维度上，对于建立取证说话人比较的可靠性是至关重要的

Voice is fundamental to human identity. It conveys extensive social information about a speaker, such as age, gender identity, and regional background, while also providing a means by which a person can be recognised as an individual. This hypothesised individuality of the human voice is highly significant within a forensic context; it is not uncommon for forensic phoneticians to be called upon in criminal investigations to assess whether a recorded speech sample is similar to that of a suspect (Nolan, 1991). While voice can be a robust indicator of identity, it is also incredibly malleable. Individuals vary their speech across different contexts (Sharma,2011) and some speakers can imitate the speech of others to a high degree of accuracy (Leemann & Kolly,2015). This dynamic between the voice as individual and malleable is problematic for forensic casework, which favours contexts of high between-speaker and low within-speaker variability. It also raises questions about whether there is anything fundamentally unique to an individual's voice. Determining whether voices are unique and, if so, in which dimensions, is essential in establishing the reliability of forensic speaker comparison