Use of Water Quality Surveillance Data in Epidemiologic*

描述(由申请人提供)： 饮用水对于试图测量两者的癌症研究来说是重要的 环境和饮食暴露。水中存在潜在有用的数据 作为例行程序的一部分创建的高质量数据库，联邦 强制监视活动。在许多州，这些数据库已经存在 几十年来，包含有关污染物水平的信息，如 作为饮用水供应中的硝酸盐、砷或杀虫剂。给定 怀疑从暴露到肿瘤诊断之间有很长的潜伏期，或 累积效应的潜在重要性，这些数据可能提供 获得与先前时间段相关的暴露的测量的机会 在研究研究中对受试者进行诊断。我们的总体目的是 评估是否从历史上的水中获取的水污染物水平 华盛顿州的监控数据库可以用来估计过去和 目前的个人接触情况。我们建议重点关注选定的污染物 (硝酸盐和砷)可能与癌症有关 发生了。在该项目的第一阶段，地理信息系统方法 (地理信息系统)将被用来测量自来水硝酸盐水平的相关性 在先前癌症研究中登记的受试者的住所进行测量， 同一地区公共供水中测量的硝酸盐水平 协调。这将使我们能够评估它可能在多大程度上 可以使用以下方法测量先前接触饮用水污染物的情况 现有的水质监测数据。在第二阶段，我们将确定一个新的 新诊断癌症病例所在地区的住宅样本 居住和测量自来水硝酸盐和砷水平，并进行类似的 评估以了解最近的暴露是否可以使用 监控数据库。第二阶段还将包括一次面试，在面试中 确定饮用水、食品准备和其他接触方式的自来水使用水平(与瓶装水或其他来源相比)。 如果这些数据与自来水污染物的水平相关，这种方法可以用来 使用成本较低的方法估计以前和当前的风险敞口 更易于在流行病学研究的背景下使用。这些方法 也可适用于具有其他类型的环境数据库 暴露，或用于检查饮酒中的其他暴露(如杀虫剂) 水监测数据库。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Drinking water is of importance for cancer studies attempting to measure both environmental and dietary exposures. Potentially useful data exist in water quality databases that have been created as part of routine, federally mandated surveillance activities. In many states these databases have existed for several decades, containing information about levels of contaminants such as nitrates, arsenic, or pesticides in drinking water supplies. Given the suspected long latent period between exposure and tumor diagnosis, or the potential importance of cumulative effects, these data may provide an opportunity to obtain measurements of exposures relevant to time periods prior to diagnosis for subjects in research studies. Our general purpose is to evaluate whether water contaminant levels obtained from an historic water surveillance database in Washington State can be used to estimate past and current individual exposure. We propose to focus on selected contaminants (nitrates and arsenic) that have been potentially associated with cancer occurrence. In Phase I of this project, geographic information systems methods (GIS) will be used to measure the correlation of tap water nitrate levels measured at residences of subjects enrolled in a previous cancer study, with nitrate levels measured in public water supplies from the same geographic coordinate. This will allow us to evaluate the extent to which it may be possible to measure prior exposure to drinking water contaminants using existing water quality surveillance data. In Phase 2, we will identify a new sample of residences located in regions where newly diagnosed cancer cases reside and measure tap water nitrate and arsenic levels, and conduct a similar evaluation to learn whether recent exposures may be estimated using the surveillance database. Phase 2 will also include an interview in which the level of tap water use (vs. bottled water or other source) for drinking, food preparation, and other modes of exposure are determined. If these data are correlated with tap water levels of contaminants, this method may be used to estimate previous and current exposures using methods that are less expensive and easier to employ in the context of epidemiologic studies. These methods may also be applicable to environmental databases with other types of exposures, or for examining other exposures (like pesticides) within drinking water surveillance databases.