ALCOHOLISM--EPIDEMIOLOGIC HIGH RISK FAMILY STUDY

该项目代表了酒精中毒流行病学研究的新范式：它在流行病学框架内嵌套了高风险的遗传/家庭研究。相对于现有研究的优势是：从具有代表性的样本中确定家庭；系统地选择酗酒风险高和低风险的家庭；直接评估多个家庭成员，包括最多3个子女和父母；对子女进行纵向跟踪；对少数族裔家庭进行过抽样；收集DNA，用于今后对遗传风险/保护因素的评估。这种设计允许测试与兄弟姐妹和同伴对青少年/年轻成年人酒精问题的影响有关的假设，更传统的独生子女父母设计，甚至更专门的双胞胎家庭设计，可能会以有限的方式进行测试。通过在密苏里州出生的青少年和年轻人的出生记录确定家庭(确保与项目1的可比性)，亲生母亲进行电话筛查访谈，以确定潜在的高危家庭。所有筛查阳性的家庭和筛查阴性的家庭将被邀请进入第二阶段，在此阶段，亲生父母(或最佳信息提供人)将接受电话诊断面谈和问题，以评估自己和共同父母的DSM-I酗酒或依赖史，以及先证者和最多2名13-25岁的兄弟姐妹的行为和情感问题史。母亲报告父亲有3种或3种以上酒精依赖症状(“高风险”，100AA，100W)的先证者及其至多2个兄弟姐妹，以及来自未报告父亲的家庭，或筛查阴性的家庭(“对照”：150AA，150W)，将在基线时和2年时再次接受电话诊断访谈，在基线和2年时进行简短的电话诊断访谈，并在其他年份进行简短的电话随访，同时每年进行问卷评估。数据将被用来检验以下假设：(I)兄弟姐妹和同伴对酒精和其他物质参与和问题的影响，(Ii)父母教养方式、父母酗酒和共同发病之间的关系，以及子女酗酒的关系，(Iii)共同发病率、气质、创伤事件和这种慢性应激与子女酗酒之间的关系，以及(Iv)种族对这些关系的影响。这个项目的结果将对依赖专门的双胞胎设计的其他项目的发现的普适性进行重要的检查。

This project represents a new paradigm for epidemiologic research on alcoholism: it nests a high risk genetic/family study within an epidemiologic framework. Advantages over existing studies are: ascertainment of families from a representative sample; systemic selection of families at high and low risk of alcoholism; direct assessments of multiple family members, including up to 3 offspring and parents; longitudinal follow-up of the offspring; over-sample of minority families; and collection of DNA for future assessments of genetic risk/protective factors. This design permits testing of hypothesis relating to sibling and peer influences on adolescent/young adult alcohol problems, which more conventional parents-one child designs, and even more specialized twin-family designs, may tested in a limited way. Families are ascertained through birth records of adolescents and young adults born in Missouri (ensuring comparability with Project 1), and biological mothers administered a telephone screening interview to identify potentially high risk families. All families screening positive, and a subsample of those screening negative will be invited for the second stage, where biological mothers and fathers (or best informant) will be administered a telephone diagnostic interview and question to assess own and co-parent's history of DSM-I alcohol abuse or dependent, as well as history of behavioral and emotional problems of the proband and up to 2 siblings aged 13-25. Probands and up to 2 of their siblings from families where fathers were reported by mothers to have 3 or more symptoms of alcohol dependence ("high risk", 100 AA, 100 W) and those from families where fathers were not so reported, or who screened negative ("controls": 150 AA, 150 W) will be invited for telephone diagnostic interview at baseline and again at 2 years, with brief telephone diagnostic interview at baseline and again at 2 years, with brief telephone follow up interviews in other years along with annual questionnaire assessments. Data will be used to test hypotheses about (i) sibling and peer influences on alcohol and other substance involvement and problems, (ii) relationships between parenting style, parental alcoholism and co-morbidity, and offspring alcoholism, (iii) relationships between co-morbidity, temperament, traumatic events and this chronic stress, and offspring alcoholism, and (iv) the modification of these relationships by ethnicity. Results from this project will provide an important check on the generalizability of finds from other projects that rely upon specialized twin-family designs.