Gene-Enviroment in Outcomes of PSuD Twins' Offspring

描述(申请人提供)：本研究的目的是澄清 家庭遗传和家庭环境影响在老年妇女中的作用 物质使用、问题和依赖的发展，相关 精神病理学和心理社会功能。我们建议通过以下方式面试 电话：双胞胎父亲的青春期和年轻成年子女 符合或不符合DSM-3R药物依赖史(DD)，与 或无酒精依赖(AD)(“PSuD”)，或和谐无影响 (n=527对双胞胎)；他们的双胞胎父亲；以及他们的亲生母亲。后代 两年后也将接受采访。因为我们的设计控制着 遗传对后代的影响包括双胞胎父亲一致的PSuD， 它允许识别环境变量中重要的 子代物质问题的发展，相关的精神病理学，以及 行为和其他问题。我们能够识别出这样的双胞胎和他们的 来自NIDA资助的哈佛药物研究中收集的数据的家庭 对8000多对双胞胎进行结构化精神诊断访谈 (3372对完整的)在越南时代的双胞胎登记处(VETR)得出了详细的 有关PSuD和其他精神障碍的信息。一个特殊的方面是我们的 2中已收集的评估和数据的计划资本化 来自VETR双胞胎小组的AD双胞胎(外套)儿童的研究，这不仅是 将加快我们的实地工作，但将允许比较PSuD的后代) 双胞胎父亲(这项研究)给只患有AD的父亲的后代(外套)。我们有5个 目标：1)确定PSuD双胞胎的后代是否以及程度 与非PSuD双胞胎和AD双胞胎的后代相比，只有双胞胎的后代不同 为了防止非法和合法药物使用、滥用和依赖， 精神病理学和功能；2)确定在多大程度上有 在物质参与、其他精神病理学和 {PSuD双胞胎的后代和他们未受影响的同卵双胞胎之间的功能， 在控制遗传责任后；3)控制母体效应 (例如，分类交配)对后代结果的影响；4)研究 子代结果的发展；5)与来自 后代：ADVETR AD双胞胎。我们的研究将超越对 遗传和环境对物质发育的影响程度 对遗传和环境影响的更全面的理解，这解释了 PSuD的家族史使子女容易出现不良后果，包括 物质问题、相关的精神病理学和不良的心理社会问题 功能正常。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of family genetic and family environmental influences in the development of substance use, problems and dependence, associated psychopathology, and psychosocial functioning. We propose to interview by telephone: adolescent and young adult offspring of fathers who are twins concordant for, or discordant for history of DSM-3R Drug Dependence (DD), with or without Alcohol Dependence (AD) (" PSuD"), or who are concordant unaffected (N=527 twin pairs); their twin fathers; and their biological mothers. Offspring will be interviewed 2 years later as well. Because our design controls for genetic influences on offspring by including twin-fathers concordant for PSuD, it permits identification of environmental variables important in the development of offspring substance problems, associated psychopathology, and behavioral and other problems. We are able to identify such twins and their families from data collected in the NIDA-funded Harvard Drug Study in which a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview administered to over 8000 twins (3372 complete pairs) in the Vietnam-era Twin Registry (VETR) elicited detailed information about PSuD and other psychiatric disorders. A special aspect is our planned capitalization on assessments and data being collected already in 2 studies of children of AD twins (COAT) from the VETR twin panel, which not only will expedite our fieldwork, but will permit comparison of offspring of PSuD) twin-fathers (this study) to offspring of AD-only fathers (COAT). We have 5 aims: 1) to determine whether and to what extent offspring of PSuD twins compared to offspring of non-PSuD twins and offspring of AD-only twins differ in retard to illicit and licit drug use, abuse and dependence, other associated psychopathology, and functioning; 2) to determine to what extent there are differences in transitions in substance involvement, other psychopathology, and functioning between offspring of {PSuD twins and their unaffected cotwins, after controlling for genetic liability; 3) to control for maternal effects (e.g., assortative mating) on offspring outcomes; 4) to study modifiers in the development of offspring outcomes; 5) to analyze data jointly with those from offspring of: ADVETR AD twins. Our study will move beyond estimation of the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on substance development to a fuller understanding of genetic and environmental influences that explain how family history of PSuD predisposes offspring to adverse outcomes, including substance problems, associated psychopathology, and poor psychosocial functioning.