Alcoholism: Epidemiologic High Risk Family Study - MOFAM

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一项酒精依赖（AD）家庭研究的5年续期申请的重新提交，该研究在流行病学框架内嵌入了一项高风险遗传/家庭研究，这是一种新的AD研究范式。它的非裔美国人（AfA）家庭样本（在AD文献中被忽视的群体）允许测试长期存在的青少年和年轻人酒精参与模型，这些模型大部分是基于白人（“多数”-“主要”）青年。在更新中，我们建议在低风险和高风险家庭中，每隔两年继续评估后代（70%在摄入时为18岁或以下）。根据出生记录，家庭被分为高风险（根据母亲报告父亲是过量饮酒者）或低风险（没有这样的报告）。另外，有2+酒驾（根据驾驶记录）男性的家庭则增加了严重酗酒男性的高风险样本。通过电话对母亲和子女进行全面的精神病学访谈（对父亲进行较短的访谈）；每隔2年对后代进行再次访谈。在第一个赠款期间，472个家庭（255个AfA， 217个Maj）获得了资助；最后一次入学样本将在续签月15日登记。首次摄入后代样本（n=221）的随访率为90%（85%已完成，5%在撰写本文时尚未完成）。在获得资金之前，进一步的后续行动将暂停。我们的预测是，到更新期结束时，所有子代将有3次评估波，大约一半子代将有4次评估波。我们在第一期拨款期的目的是测试AD脆弱性的偏差倾向和负面影响调节模型；研究兄弟姐妹对酒精和其他物质使用的影响，并调查在AfA和主要家庭中，父母教养、父亲AD、其他父母精神病理、后代自身精神病理、创伤性事件和生活转变（婚姻、工作、学校、为人父母）对酒精（和其他物质）使用结果的横断面和纵向影响。在更新中保留了这些目标，现在的重点是应用纵向数据，通过研究其他物质的影响来测试家庭风险状况和种族之间对酒精使用障碍进展（发展、持续和持续）的相互作用（目标1）；父母特征，包括养育方式和精神病理（目标2）；兄弟姐妹的影响（目标3）；以及两种突出的AD脆弱性模型。我们的目标和设计元素将继续朝着了解适用于不同种族家庭的青少年和年轻人的AUDs的病因和病程发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a resubmission of an application for 5-year renewal of a family study of alcohol dependence (AD) that nests a high risk genetic/family study within an epidemiologic framework - a novel paradigm for research on AD. Its oversample of African-American (AfA) families (a neglected group in the AD literature)permits testing long-standing models of adolescent and young adult alcohol involvement that have been based for the most part on Caucasian ("Majority- "maj") youth. In the renewal, we propose continuing to assess at 2-year intervals offspring (70 percent 18 or younger at intake) in low and high risk families. Ascertained from birth records, families are classified as high risk (by maternal report that the father is an excessive drinker) or low risk (no such report) Additional families of men with 2+ DWI's (from driving records) enrich the high risk sample with severely alcoholic men. Mothers and offspring are administered a comprehensive psychiatric interview by telephone (fathers are given a shorter interview); offspring are re-interviewed at 2-yr intervals. During the first grant period, 472 families (255 AfA, 217 Maj) have been enrolled; the last intake sample will be enrolled by renewal month 15. Follow up rates for the first intake sample of offspring (n=221) were 90 percent (85 percent completed, 5 percent pending at this writing). Further follow-up is on hold pending funding. Our projections are that by the end of the renewal period, 3 assessment waves will be available on all offspring, and 4 waves on about half. Our aims in the first grant period were to test the deviance proneness and negative affect regulation models of AD vulnerability; to study sibling influences on alcohol and other substance involvement, and to investigate cross sectional and longitudinal influences of parenting, paternal AD, other parental psychopathology, offspring own psychopathology, traumatic events, and life transitions (marriage, work, school, parenthood) on alcohol (and other substance) use outcomes - in AfA and Maj families by risk. These aims are retained in the renewal, with an emphasis now on application of longitudinal data to test for interactions between family risk status and ethnicity on progression of alcohol use disorders (AUD) (development, persistence and desistence) by studying influences: of other substances (Aim 1); of parental characteristics including rearing styles and psychopathology (Aim 2); sibling influences (Aim 3); and in the context of 2 prominent models of AD vulnerability. Our aims together with design elements will continue progress towards understanding the etiology and course of AUDs applicable to adolescents and young adults in ethnically diverse families.