Production of Pyrogen-Free Water in Hemodialysis Units

描述(由申请者提供)：许多报告的风险和危险 血液透析与水质有关，包括致热因素。 污染。典型的透析患者暴露在30到40岁之间。 乘以一个普通人口所需的水量 暴露了。因此，血液透析水的质量显然非常重要。 目前血液透析系统的做法并不能保证不含热原的水。 使用现有的程序来实现无热原存在几个缺点 水：(1)添加必须监测和销毁的化学品 在水接触透析膜之前。否则，这些化学品可能 与患者接触有关血液的情况；(Ii)形成有毒物质 热源与消毒剂反应产生的副产物； 提供无热原水的在线手段(即，批处理模式操作)，以及 (Iv)成本。该项目涉及到开发和评估一个 提供无热原水的高效、快速和经济实惠的光反应器 血液透析系统中的在线。消毒剂的使用寿命很短 羟基自由基，已知的最强的氧化剂之一，它产生 在现场，并在光反应器内消费。在第二阶段项目期间， 将开发自动原型系统并将其集成到血液透析中 系统。将进行技术和成本评估，以提供 商业系统的基础。 建议的商业应用： 所有血液透析系统都需要无热原的水。此外，这项技术还将在医疗行业的其他领域得到应用：静脉输液、注射和手术室冲洗需要大量无热原的水。此外，其他行业，如水培行业，也需要无菌水。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many reported risks and hazards in hemodialysis are associated with water quality, including pyrogenic contamination. The typical patient on dialysis is exposed to between 30 to 40 times the amount of water to which a member of the general population is exposed. Thus, the quality of hemodialysis water is obviously very important. Current practices in hemodialysis systems do not guarantee pyrogen-free water. Several drawbacks exist in using available procedures to achieve pyrogen-free water: (i) addition of chemicals, which have to be monitored and destroyed before the water contacts the dialysis membrane. Otherwise, the chemicals may come in contact with the patient about blood; (ii) formation of toxic by-products from the reaction of pyrogens with the disinfectant; (iii) no on-line means of providing pyrogen-free water (i.e., batch-mode operation), and (iv) cost. This project concerns the development and evaluation of an efficient, fast, and cost-effective photoreactor to supply pyrogen-free water on-line in hemodialysis system. The disinfecting agents are short-lived hydroxyl radicals, one of the strongest oxidants known, which are produced in-situ, and consumed inside the photoreactor. During the Phase II project, an automated prototype system will be developed and integrated into a hemodialysis system. Technical and cost evaluations will be carried out to provide the foundation for a commercial system. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: Pyrogen-free water is required in all hemodialysis systems. In addition, this technology will find application in other areas of the medical industry: large quantities of pyrogen-free water are required for intravenous infusion fluids, fluids for injection and for irrigation in operating rooms. Also, other industries, such as the hydroponics industry need sterile water.