: Experimental Investigations of Dynamic Multiphase Flow Processes Using 3D Printed Micromodels. Attached you will find the summary.

天然多孔介质中应用的多相流过程的研究（例如地下水开采，碳氢化合物生产，地热能，地下能源和CO2储存）是复杂的：1。缺乏对运输现象背后的物理和化学过程的明确的基本认识;2.多孔介质中孔隙网络/几何形状的不确定性，这阻碍了流动行为的预测和物理上更准确的传输模型的开发。增材制造技术的进步为研究独立于多孔介质不确定性的多相系统中的各种传输问题提供了机会。在孔隙尺度上，这对于诸如提高石油采收率（EOR）中的石油驱替和碳捕集与封存（CCS）中的CO2储存等过程非常重要，可以3D打印精确的微观模型，以便以可重复的方式进行设计的流动路径的实验研究。随着技术的充分发展，这可能会演变成涉及3D打印岩心的实验，并充分了解和控制孔隙几何形状。在该项目中，各种多相过程，包括但不限于注入表面活性剂，聚合物或CO2，将被可视化并与预测进行比较，与预测的偏差有助于更好地理解，这反过来又将用于改进预测工具。将研究注射速度、粘度和润湿性（即两种流体界面与材料表面之间的接触角）等参数的影响以及它们如何控制多相流态（例如粘性和毛细管指进、孔隙体填充、指后涂层）。可使用3D打印技术本身，通过改变打印材料、其粗糙度或通过表面涂层来控制润湿性。该项目的深远目标是为开发孔隙尺度多相流的完全预测性计算流体动力学（CFD）模型打开大门。

The study of multiphase flow processes for applications in natural porous media (e.g. groundwater extraction, hydrocarbon production, geothermal energy, subsurface energy and CO2 storage) is complicated by both:1. the lack of a clear fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical processes underlying the transport phenomena;2. the uncertainties in the pore network/geometries in the porous media, which hinder both, prediction of the flow behaviour and the development of physically more accurate transport models.Advancements in additive manufacturing technologies provide opportunities for studying the various transport problems in multiphase systems independent of porous media uncertainties. At the pore scale, which is profoundly important for processes such as oil displacement in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), precise micromodels can be 3D printed to enable experimental studies with designed flow paths in a repeatable fashion. With sufficient technology development, this could evolve into experiments involving 3D printed cores in full knowledge and control of the pore geometries.In this project, various multiphase processes including, but not restricted too, injection of surfactant, polymer or CO2 will be visualised and compared with predictions, and deviations from predictions can aid the development of a better understanding which in turn will be used to improve predictive tools. The impact of parameters such as injection velocity, viscosity and wettability (i.e. contact angle between two fluids interface and the surface of the material) and how they control multiphase flow regimes (e.g. viscous and capillary fingering, pore-body filling, post finger coating) will be investigated. Control of wettability may be possible using the 3D printing technology itself, through changing the printing material, its roughness, or through surface coating. The far-reaching aim of this project is to open the door to the development of fully predictive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models of pore-scale multiphase flow.