Life-cycle environmental and techno-economic modelling of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles

在降低成本和潜在环境效益的推动下，电动汽车正在经历快速增长，2018年全球电动汽车车队超过510万辆。电池电动汽车的市场采用率增加是由于锂离子电池的技术成熟，表现出良好的性能、成本和环保模式。生命周期评估是从价值链的角度确定这些模式之间的权衡的强大工具。针对汽车锂离子电池的生产、使用和回收，建立了一个详细的工程系统启发下的汽车锂离子电池生命周期模型。该模型将用于从成本和环境的角度评估不同的电池化学和技术选择，并最终提供强大的决策手段，补充旨在提高锂离子电池性能和降低成本的科学和工程发展。到目前为止，已经对当前和未来的汽车电池化学品的生产进行了建模，并对几种锂离子电池化学品的环境性能及其在中国公司的使用进行了基准测试。

Electric mobility, driven by reduced costs and potential environmental benefits is experiencing a rapid growth, with the global electric car fleet exceeding 5.1 million units in 2018. The increased market adoption of battery electric vehicles is enabled through the technological maturity of lithium-ion batteries exhibiting favorable performance, cost and environmental patterns. Life cycle assessment is a powerful tool for the determination of the trade-offs between those patterns from a value chain perspective. A detailed engineering system inspired life cycle model for automotive Li-ion batteries is developed in this research, accounting for battery production, utilisation and recycling. The model will be used to evaluate different battery chemistries and technological options from a cost and environmental standpoint and ultimately provide a robust means of decision making, complementing scientific and engineering developments targeting Li-ion battery performance improvements and cost reductions. So far, the production of current and future automotive battery chemistries has been modelled and the environmental performance of several Li-ion battery chemistries and their use in China has been benchmarked.