Fluoride and Other Factors in Childhood Bone Development

最近的研究表明，低峰值骨量与 成年早期和晚年骨质疏松。研究表明， 钙的摄入量和运动模式可能与 年龄较大的儿童和成人的骨量和密度，以及氟 (F)可能影响成人骨骼。然而，很少有研究包括杨格。 儿童和没有人研究过摄入氟或钙的影响和 遗传因素对该年龄段骨量/密度的影响。 这个项目的目标是描述骨骼中的生物变异。 健康幼儿的发展，并了解如何 营养、行为、遗传和其他因素相互作用影响 儿童时期骨量增加，导致在年达到骨量峰值 成人期早。400名儿童已经参加了一项 NIDR资助的氟摄入量与氟斑牙的纵向研究 (NIDR RO1-DE09551)将被研究。有关每日的详细信息 氟、钙、维生素D和其他营养素的摄入量和病史 从出生起就为每个孩子提供了。我们将继续 每隔4个月收集一次这些数据，并将收集运动数据 对于每个孩子来说。为了评估随时间推移骨量的获得，骨 腰椎、臀部和全身的密度测量将是 在4-5岁时使用双能x射线吸收测量仪制作，然后再次 7-8岁。6个骨相关基因的等位基因变异将是 以全血DNA为模板，以聚合酶链式反应为基础进行检测。 将使用双变量和多变量分析来确定主要 骨量/密度和骨吸收的修饰物，并检查 当这些因子与骨骼相关时，它们之间的潜在相互作用 收购。这项研究提供了一个独特的机会，提供了有价值的 洞察儿童骨骼发育，使用组织良好的 已经有大量数据的现有队列。我们的 结果可以作为未来关于以下方面建议的基础 可改变的因素(如营养摄入量和锻炼) 骨量/密度的增加，因此可能具有重要的 对预防成人发病情况的影响，如 骨质疏松。

Recent studies have demonstrated a link between low peak bone mass in early adulthood and osteoporosis later in life. Studies have indicated that calcium (Ca) intake and exercise patterns may be associated with bone mass and density in older children and adults, and that fluoride (F) may affect adult bone. However, few studies included younger children and none have examined the effects of F or Ca intake and genetic factors on bone mass/density in this age group. The goals of this project are to characterize biologic variation in bone development in healthy young children, and to understand how nutritional, behavioral, genetic and other factors interact to influence bone accretion in childhood, leading to attainment of peak bone mass in early adulthood. A cohort of 400 children already participating in a NIDR-funded longitudinal study of fluoride intake and dental fluorosis (NIDR RO1-DE09551) will be studied. Detailed information about daily intakes of F, Ca, Vitamin D, and other nutrients, and medical history is already available for each child since birth. We will continue to collect these data at 4 month intervals, and will collect exercise data for each child. To assess acquisition of bone mass over time, bone density measurements of the lumbar spine, hip, and whole body will be made, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at age 4-5 years, and again at 7-8 years. Allelic variation of 6 bone-related genes will be determined by PCR-based assays, with whole blood DNA as template. Bivariate and multivariate analyses will be used to identify major modifiers of bone mass/density and bone accretion, and to examine potential interactions among these factors as they relate to bone acquisition. This study offers a unique opportunity to provide valuable insight into bone development in children, using a well-organized existing cohort for which extensive data are already available. Our results could serve as a basis for future recommendations regarding modifiable factors (such as nutrient intake and exercise) for enhancement of bone mass/density, and thereby may have important implications for prevention of adult-onset conditions such as osteoporosis.