IOWA FLUORIDE STUDY

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 儿童和年轻人的骨矿物质质量和密度是成人骨骼健康和骨质疏松风险的重要决定因素。然而，人们对儿童时期骨骼发育的决定因素知之甚少，只有少数研究对儿童时期的骨骼发育和生长进行了纵向评估。在这项观察性研究中，这些研究人员正在评估一组出生后跟踪的健康儿童的骨骼发育及其决定因素。将使用双能量X射线吸收测量仪和外围定量计算机断层扫描来评估9岁、11岁和13岁儿童的骨骼测量。结果将与儿童纵向饮食摄入量(例如钙、维生素D和蛋白质)、氟化物摄入量(饮食和非饮食)、体力活动和遗传因素有关。为了更好地了解儿童的骨量/密度，他们还评估了父母的骨量/密度，以及饮食、体力活动和遗传因素。这提供了一个独特的机会来洞察儿童骨骼发育以及遗传、生活方式和家庭因素的作用。这一点尤其重要，因为骨积累发生在儿童和青春期，骨量的峰值通常在青春期后期或成年时达到。研究结果可以作为未来关于改变生活方式(如饮食和体力活动)以提高骨量的建议的基础，并可能对预防骨质疏松症具有重要意义。在美国和加拿大，氟斑牙的患病率有所上升，而龋齿患病率却有所下降。牙齿发育关键期的过量氟摄入量是氟斑牙的主要决定因素。然而，人们对导致氟中毒的关键时期和水平知之甚少。很少有研究全面评估氟化物摄入量或与氟斑牙相关的结果。在研究的牙科部分，这些研究人员对氟斑牙和龋齿进行标准化的牙科检查，并将研究结果与估计从水、饮料、食品、饮食氟补充剂和牙膏中估计的氟化物摄入量的纵向数据库相关联。恒牙检查将在9岁(早萌牙)和13岁(晚萌牙)进行。这一结果可以作为未来关于最佳使用氟化物以最大限度地预防公共卫生龋病并将氟斑牙风险降至最低的更精细的建议的基础。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Bone mineral mass and density in children and young adults are important determinants of bone health and osteoporosis risk in adults. However, little is known about determinants of bone development during childhood, and only a few studies have longitudinally assessed bone development and accretion in childhood. In this observational study these investigators are assessing bone development and its determinants among a cohort of healthy children followed from birth. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography will be used to assess bone measures at ages 9, 11 and 13. Results will be related to children's longitudinal dietary intake (e.g., calcium, vitamin D and protein), fluoride intake (dietary and non-dietary), physical activity and genetic factors. To better understand children's bone mass/density, they are also assessing bone mass/density in the parents, along with dietary, physical activity and genetic factors. This offers a unique opportunity to provide insight into childhood bone development and the roles of genetic, lifestyle and familial factors. This is especially important since bone accrual occurs during childhood and adolescence, with peak bone mass generally achieved by late adolescence or adulthood. Results could serve as a basis for future recommendations regarding lifestyle modification (such as diet and physical activity) to enhance bone mass and could have important implications for prevention of osteoporosis. The prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased in the U.S. and Canada while caries rates have declined. Excessive fluoride intake during critical periods of tooth development is the major determinant of dental fluorosis. However, the critical periods and levels necessary to cause fluorosis are poorly understood. Few studies have asssessed fluoride intake comprehensively or related results to dental fluorosis. In the dental portion of the study these investigators conduct standardized dental examinations for fluorosis and caries and relate findings to a longitudinal database of estimated fluoride intake from water, beverages, foods, dietary fluoride supplements, and dentifrice. Examinations of the permanent teeth will be conducted at age 9 (early-erupting teeth) and at age 13 (late-erupting teeth). Results could serve as a basis for more refined, future recommendations concerning the optimal use of fluorides for maximum public health caries prevention with minimal dental fluorosis risk.