The impact and effectiveness of mentoring projects with unaccompanied minors

这项研究将探讨对孤身未成年人的辅导方案的影响和有效性，因为人们对这一日益严重的现象知之甚少。学术界关于孤身未成年人的脆弱性以及强迫移徙对儿童和青年人的发展产生的心理社会影响的文章很多。关于无人陪伴的未成年人以复原力应对具有挑战性的生活环境的能力的报道较少。针对无人陪伴未成年人的辅导计划被用作一种干预策略，以提供社会支持并帮助融入社会。这项研究的总体目标是从三个不同的角度来看待辅导方案的影响：-研究辅导如何塑造孤身未成年人在建立复原力方面的经历，使他们能够行使代理权，并帮助他们融入社区。- 看看有助于成功的指导关系的因素。- 考虑组织如何衡量辅导方案的成功，并将解决以下问题：-辅导如何在无人陪伴的未成年人中创造机构和建立复原力？- 辅导在多大程度上有助于建立社会资本、解决社会孤立和孤独问题以及促进孤身青年的社会融合？- 哪些因素有助于成功的指导关系，指导者如何从这种关系中受益？- 组织如何衡量辅导方案的成功，他们使用什么指标，这些指标在不同组织中是否系统化？ 苏格兰监护服务局、阿伯洛尔和红十字会等组织都在格拉斯哥为孤身未成年人开展辅导项目，并将作为研究招募的关键合作伙伴进行接洽。就接触年轻人的问题进行谈判可能会有问题，特别是如果通过法定服务进行谈判。在他们关于地方当局如何处理无人陪伴的未成年人的研究中，Rigby等人揭示了法定组织不愿意参与。因此，将与法定和第三部门组织接触，让它们参与这项研究。 将通过与无人陪伴的未成年人的参与性行动研究进行定性研究。PAR将有助于建立关系，增加与年轻人的接触和合作。由于苏格兰孤身未成年人的数量很少，该项目将在不同的辅导方案中招募15至20名孤身未成年人，以确保人才库的多样化。PAR以前曾用于无人陪伴的未成年人，将用于包括小组讨论，创造性活动和与年轻人的1到1。这将涉及与年轻人举行几次会议，以建立融洽关系和信任，并深入了解他们的辅导经验。辍学不可避免地会产生问题，在研究的初始阶段进行的风险评估将概述处理可能辍学的战略。与同行导师的半结构化访谈将探讨类似的主题，探讨导师的经验和影响导师关系成功的因素。与项目支持人员的访谈将探讨组织如何衡量辅导方案的成功，看看什么指标是用来这样做和良好做法的例子。 分析将使用复原力框架确定共同主题。复原力理论认为，保护性因素可以减少逆境的暴露。复原力理论将被用来考虑指导是否建立复原力，建立社会资本，减少孤独，增加代理和个人控制感，并增加参与。变革理论将被用作一个总体理论框架，以绘制辅导的成果。

This research will look at the impact and effectiveness of mentoring programmes for unaccompanied minors, as little is known about this growing phenomenon. Much has been written in academic circles about the vulnerability of unaccompanied minors and the psychosocial effects that forced migration has on the development of children and young people. Less has been written about the capacity of unaccompanied minors to respond to challenging life circumstances with resilience. Mentoring programmes for unaccompanied minors are used as an intervention strategy to provide social support and to help with integration. The overall aim of this research is to look at the impact of mentoring programmes from three different perspectives: -Examine how mentoring shapes the experiences of unaccompanied minors in building resilience, empowering them to exercise agency and helping integrate them into the community. -Look at the factors that contribute to a successful mentoring relationship. -Consider how organisations measure the success of mentoring programmes and will address the following questions:-How does mentoring create agency and build resilience among unaccompanied minors? -To what extent does mentoring help build social capital, tackle social isolation and loneliness and promote social integration among unaccompanied young people? -What factors contribute to a successful mentoring relationship and how do mentors benefit from the relationship? -How do organisations measure the success of mentoring programmes, what indicators do they use and are these systematic across different organisations? Organisations such as the Scottish Guardianship Service, Aberlour and The Red Cross all run mentoring projects with unaccompanied minors in Glasgow and will be approached as key partners in research recruitment. Negotiating access to young people may be problematic, particularly if it is done via statutory services. In their study of how local authorities deal with unaccompanied minors, Rigby et al. reveal a reluctance of statutory organisations to engage. For that reason, a mixture of both statutory and third sector organisations will be approached to participate in this research. Qualitative research will be conducted through participatory action research (PAR) with unaccompanied minors. PAR will allow for relationship building, increased engagement and collaboration with young people. Since there are a small number of unaccompanied minors in Scotland, the project will be engaging 15-20 unaccompanied minors across different mentoring programmes to ensure a diverse pool. PAR, which has been used previously with unaccompanied minors, will be used including group discussions, creative activities and 1 to 1s with young people. This will involve several meetings with the young people, to build rapport and trust, and develop an in-depth understanding of their experiences of mentoring. Attrition is inevitably problematic and a risk assessment in the initial stages of the research will outline strategies to deal with possible dropouts. Semi-structured interviews with peer mentors will explore similar themes, looking at the experience of mentors and factors impacting the success of the mentoring relationship. Interviews with project support staff will explore how organisations measure the success of mentoring programmes, looking at what indicators are used to do so and examples of good practice. Analysis will identify common themes using a resilience framework. Resilience theory posits that protective factors can reduce the exposure to adversity. Theories of resilience will be used to consider whether mentoring builds resilience, builds social capital, reduces loneliness, increases agency and sense of personal control and increases participation. Theory of Change will be used as an overarching theoretical framework to map the outcomes of mentoring.