College Alcohol Environmental and College Drinking

大学饮酒是当今最重要和最复杂的公共健康问题之一。专科学校 与所有其他年龄段相比，学生的重度饮酒率最高，每年估计有1,443人死于与酒精有关的伤害，504,415人死于与酒精有关的非致命伤害。尽管大学饮酒受到了关注，但还没有研究着眼于校园/社区环境在预测大学饮酒结果方面对身体和社会可获得性的影响。该项目的总体目标是评估校园水平因素影响酒精供应的程度，以及影响个别学生饮酒模式的程度。社会规范营销干预的成功可能取决于校园层面的因素，比如在酒精可获得性较高和/或酒精执法力度较弱的校园，学生不太可能对错误认知的规范做出纠正。为了验证这一假设，该项目将与NIAAA(R01-AA12471)资助的社会规范营销研究项目(SNMRP)合作，涉及32个干预和控制校园。在第一年和第二年，SNMRP的个人一级数据将与作为该项目一部分收集的校园/社区一级数据合并。校园/社区层面的数据将评估被认为影响大学饮酒的因素，包括：酒精控制政策、酒精广告和促销、无酒选择、酒精执法做法和酒精出口密度。在第二年，为评估上述结构而开发的措施将根据它们在解释校园之间个人饮酒模式差异方面的能力进行评估。对SNMRP数据的初步分析表明，有很多需要解释的地方，因为大致 饮酒模式的差异有10%(即ICC=0.095)发生在校园之间。在第三年，被发现的解释校园饮酒模式差异的措施将被纳入正在进行的社会规范营销干预的评估中，以检验主要的研究假设。该项目代表了一项初步努力，目的是了解校园/社区层面因素在影响大学饮酒结果方面的相对重要性。这些知识对于制定有效的预防工作至关重要。

College drinking is one of the most significant and complex public health problems today. College students have the highest rate of heavy drinking compared to all other age groups resulting in an estimated 1,443 alcohol related injury deaths and 504,415 alcohol related nonfatal injuries annually. Despite the attention being paid to college drinking there are no studies that have looked at the role of the campus/community environment in terms of the physical and social availability of alcohol in predicting college drinking outcomes. The overall goal of the project is to evaluate the degree to which campus level factors affecting the availability of alcohol, influence individual student drinking patterns. It may be that the success of social norms marketing interventions are dependent on campus level factors, such that at campuses with high alcohol availability and/or weak alcohol enforcement, students are less likely to respond to corrections of misperceived norms. To test this hypothesis the project will partner with the Social Norms Marketing Research Project (SNMRP) funded by NIAAA (R01-AA12471) involving 32 intervention and control campuses. In Years 1 and 2 individual level data from the SNMRP will be merged with campus/community level data collected as part of this project. Campus/community level data will assess constructs thought to influence college drinking including: alcohol control policies, alcohol advertising and promotion, alcohol free options, alcohol enforcement practices, and alcohol outlet density. In Year 2 measures developed to assess the above constructs will be evaluated in terms of their power in explaining the between campus variance in individual drinking patterns. Preliminary analyses of SNMRP data suggest there is much to explain, since roughly 10% (i.e., ICC = .095) of the variance in drinking patterns is between campuses. In Year 3 measures found to explain the between campus differences in drinking patterns will then be incorporated in the evaluation of the ongoing social norms marketing intervention to test the primary study hypothesis. The project represents an initial effort at understanding the relative importance of campus/community level factors in impacting college drinking outcomes. Such knowledge is essential for the development of effective prevention efforts.