Motion nouns and their verbal counterparts: a cognitive functional perspective on motion expressions

我的项目的核心是运动动词(例如Leave)和它们的名词(或名词性)对应词(例如到达)之间的关系。更具体地说，本研究将聚焦于从动词派生出来的特定类型的名词(动词性名词)。虽然该领域的文献经常探索动词中的运动的识解(例如Levin 1993)，但在涉及运动名词时出现了一个空白--这一领域相对来说没有被触及。因此，重要的问题仍未得到回答，详情如下。此外，关于运动动词和它们的名词性对应词之间的关系的大部分文献是相互矛盾的。正如Barque等人所指出的那样。(2009：174)，文献中有一个公认的假设，即虚词名词通常保持其动词词根的语义和句法元素。然而，动词和动词性名词之间的关系并不一定那么简单。Vendler(1967)的研究发现，尽管没有动词基础，但一些名词表现出通常归因于动词的语义特征。此外，Andreou和Lieber(2019)指出，动词的体义(与时间相关的意义)与其形动名词之间没有直接联系。考虑到这些相互矛盾的描述，本研究试图回答以下三个研究问题：RQ1：相对于相应的动词，运动名词的运动识解(即词汇语法和语义属性)的性质是什么？RQ2：动词-名词对的指向和组成在多大程度上影响它们之间的语义特征的分布(例如，虚词名词、名词性动词、转用、借用)？RQ3：我们如何解释名词性范畴中出现的新含义，无论是在类型上还是在使用频率上？为了回答上述问题，我的方法论包括三个部分。首先，我将使用大型通用语料库(例如英国国家语料库)建立一个数据集，然后为大约12个运动动词-名词对提取大约250条检索索引线。这些配对将在阅读文献后选择。然后，使用诊断性测试(例如Balvet等人，S，2011年)，分析动词-名词对的语义类型。其次，我将把动词-名词对词源的详细信息添加到数据库中，然后进行统计分析(例如回归分析)，以确定基于方位的语义模式。第三，我将从认知语言学(如兰加克1987)和系统功能语言学(如韩礼德1985)两个角度探讨运动名词产生新意义的潜在原因。当考虑到这项研究的更广泛的影响时，这个项目将吸引的主要领域是翻译、计算语言学和第二语言学习和教学。

At the centre of my project is the relationship between motion verbs (e.g. leave) and their noun (or nominal) counterparts (e.g. arrival). More specifically, this research will focus on a certain type of nouns (deverbal nouns) which have been derived from verbs. Whilst literature in the field has often explored the construal of motion in verbs (e.g. Levin 1993), a gap emerges when it comes to motion nouns - this area has been left relatively untouched. Consequently, important questions remain unanswered, as detailed below. Furthermore, much of the literature around the relationship between motion verbs and their nominal counterparts is contradictory. As noted by Barque et al. (2009:174), there is a well-established assumption in the literature that deverbal nouns often maintain semantic and syntactical elements of their verbal root. However, the verb-deverbal noun relationship is not necessarily so straightforward. Research by Vendler (1967) found that some nouns display semantic features normally attributed to verbs, despite having no verbal base. Additionally, Andreou and Lieber (2019) note that there is no direct link between the aspectual semantics (time-related meanings) of a verb and its deverbal noun counterpart. With these conflicting accounts in mind, this research sets out to answer the three following research questions: RQ1: What is the nature of the motion construal (i.e. lexico-grammatical and semantic properties) of motion nouns as opposed to their corresponding verbs? RQ2: To what extent does the orientation and composition of the verb-noun pair play a role in the distribution of the semantic features between them (e.g. deverbal nouns, denominal verbs, conversion, borrowings)? RQ3: How can we account for new meanings emerging from the nominal category, both in terms of type and frequency? In order to answer the above questions, my methodology comprises three parts. First, I will build a dataset by using a large general corpus (e.g. the British National Corpus) and will then extract an estimated 250 concordance lines for approximately 12 motion verb-noun pairs. These pairs will be chosen after reviewing the literature. Then, using diagnostic tests (e.g. Balvet et al.'s 2011), the verb-noun pairs will be analysed for their semantic type. Secondly, I will add details of the verb-noun pair etymology to the database, followed by a statistical analysis (e.g. regression analysis) to identify semantic patterns based on orientation. Thirdly, I will turn to potential reasons as to why new meanings arise from the motion nouns, drawing upon both Cognitive Linguistics (e.g. Langacker 1987) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (e.g. Halliday 1985). When looking at the wider implications of this piece of research, the main areas which this project will appeal to are translation, computational linguistics and second language learning and teaching.