Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging of Human Auditory Cognition

产品说明：（申请人提供）21世纪世纪最大的挑战之一是了解人类大脑在健康和疾病中是如何工作的。根据我们的一般模型和假设，复杂的行为被映射到多灶性神经系统的水平，而不是特定的解剖部位，从而产生了局部和分布式的大脑行为关系。了解人脑如何工作需要了解这种功能神经解剖学的知识;即，“什么”类型的处理被执行，“在哪里”不同的处理区域，以及“何时”时间处理在分布式区域之间组织。先前的事件相关电位（ERP）和行为学研究已经表明，失配负性（MMN）ERP反应与（a）人类听觉注意、（B）复杂音调模式的前注意加工和（c）言语感知密切相关。虽然一个全面的理论MMN认知的相互关系已经先进，精确的神经生理学基础，这种电生理反应至今仍未解决。在这里，我们建议利用我们的时空脑成像技术（包括功能磁共振成像，脑磁图/脑电图）解开MMN的神经基础。我们的研究结果将被用来开发MMN的理论和计算模型，与我们在芬兰赫尔辛基大学的同事合作。本研究的益处是：（1）阐明了人类听觉皮层区域内人类前注意变化检测的神经机制，（2）揭示了听觉模态中非随意注意的神经基质，这可能有助于指导未来的临床研究，例如，精神分裂症或ADHD，（3）阐明人脑中复杂声音处理的皮层组织，和（4）测量基本语音（音素）处理的神经操作。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is to understand how the human brain works in health and disease. According to our general model and hypothesis, complex behavior is mapped at the level of multi-focal neural systems rather than specific anatomical sites, giving rise to brain-behavior relationships that are both localized and distributed. Understanding how the human brain works requires knowledge of this functional neuroanatomy; namely, "what" type of processing is performed, "where" different processing areas are, and "when" temporal processing is organized between distributed areas. Previous event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral studies have demonstrated that the mismatch negativity (MMN) ERP response is closely tied to (a) human auditory attention, (b) pre-attentive processing of complex tone patterns, and (c) speech perception. Though a comprehensive theory on MMN-cognition interrelationships has been advanced, the precise neurophysiological underpinnings of this electrophysiological response have remained unresolved to date. Here, we propose to utilize our spatiotemporal brain imaging techniques (including fMRI, MEG/EEG) to unravel the neural underpinnings of the MMN. Our results will be used to develop both the theory and a computational model of MMN, working in collaboration with our colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Benefits of the present study are: (1) elucidation of the neural mechanisms underlying human pre-attentive change detection within the human auditory cortical areas, (2) disclosing the neural substrate of involuntary attention in the auditory modality, which may help to guide future clinical research into the attentional deficits observed in, e.g., schizophrenia or ADHD, (3) elucidation of the cortical organization of processing of complex sounds in the human brain, and (4) measurement of the neural operations underlying processing of elementary speech sounds(phonemes).