Collection methods for early detection of airborne viruses

生物气溶胶的实时(RT)检测在军事和民用基础设施中都变得极其重要。随着气雾剂传播被确定为一种传播方式，生物战被认为是未来日益切实的威胁(Franz等人，1997年)。因此，国防机构有权创造快速、高效和专门识别制剂的气溶胶检测技术(Santl-Temklv等人，2019年；Huffman和Ratensar-Shumate，2020年)。这项技术在环境和食品领域的应用范围要广得多(Santl-Temklv等人，2019年)。对植物/动物病原体的检测可导致对农作物的破坏，以及对预先确定的危险地点可能释放的生物气雾剂的监测(Jim Ho，2002)。除了低浓度的气雾化病原体和高度定制化外，已经建立了芯片上实验室(LoC)技术来处理样本收集引起的并发症。(Coudron等人，2018年；Santl-Temkrav等人，2019年)。有人提出，基于电介质润湿(EWOD)的数字微流控(DMF)是喷雾剂生物检测的下一代(Coudron等人，2018年)。气雾化病原体可通过各种方式传播：液滴、尘埃颗粒或孢子(Alsve等人，2019年；Santl-Temkrav等人，2019年)。行驶的距离取决于颗粒的大小和密度，因为与可以行驶很长距离的较小颗粒相比，较大的颗粒会更快地稳定下来。为了捕获和分析空气传播的病原体，已经开发了各种收集方法。这些方法包括过滤或惯性/重力方法(Fronczek和Yoon 2015)。

The real-time (RT) detection of bioaerosols has become extremely important in both military and civilian infrastructure. Biological warfare is posed to be an increasingly tangible threat for the future, with aerosol dissemination being identified as a mode of transmission (Franz et al.,1997). Thus, there is prerogative from national defence agencies to create aerosol detection technologies that are rapid, efficient and specific in identification of agent (Santl-Temklv et al.,2019; Huffman and Ratnesar-Shumate, 2020). There is a much wider scope for this technology with interest in the environmental and food sectors (Santl-Temklv et al.,2019). The detection of plant/animal pathogens can lead to crop devastation as well as the monitoring of potential release of bioaerosols in predefined hazardous locations (Jim Ho 2002). Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies have been established to handle complications that arise from sample collection, in addition to the low concentrations of aerosolised pathogens and high customisation. (Coudron et al., 2018; Santl-Temklv et al.,2019). It has been proposed that electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) based digital microfluidics (DMF) is the next generation in biological detection of aerosolised agents (Coudron et al., 2018). Aerosolised pathogens can be transmitted in a variety of modes: liquid droplets, dust particles or spores (Alsved et al., 2019; Santl-Temklv et al.,2019). The distance travelled is dependent on the size and density of the particle as larger particles will settle more rapidly compared to the smaller particles that can travel very long distances. A variety of collection methods have been developed in order to capture and analyse airborne pathogens. These include filtration or inertial/gravitational force approaches (Fronczek and Yoon 2015).