REDUCING Risk & Enhancing Protective Factors in Children

这是一个全面的预防试验（随机分配到实验和对照条件）的竞争继续提高健康的儿童（降低风险和增强儿童的保护因素，DA 08093）。 该提案寻求五年的持续供资，以从整个研究样本和对实验条件下的受试者进行社会发展助推干预的数据收集。 养育健康儿童（RHC）是与华盛顿州西雅图的埃德蒙学区合作进行的一项实地实验。 该项目的重点是测试干预措施，以改变家庭、学校、同龄群体和个人等主要社会化机构中适合发展的风险和保护因素。 嵌入在试验是一个纵向研究的病因学的物质使用和模式的物质使用。这项社会发展预防试验和病因学研究最初于1993年获得三年的资助，1996年又获得五年的退款。 本申请建议通过以家庭为中心的助推器会议继续进行适合发展的社会发展预防干预，这些会议对应于通常会增加风险并减少保护的关键过渡：过渡到高中，过渡到无人陪伴驾驶，以及高中后过渡。本提案将研究纵向预防干预的有效性;研究队列在数据收集的最后一年将为18-19岁。 检查干预之外的效果与表明长期随访的效果可能比事后测试的效果更强的研究一致（例如，Botvin等人，1995;彭茨等人，一九九四年; Tremblay等人，1996年），以及在相对短暂的干预（3年半）后很久，干预组和对照组之间出现越来越多的分歧轨迹（Spoth等人，审查中）。

This is a competing continuation of a comprehensive prevention trial (with random assignment to experimental and control conditions) of Raising Healthy Children (Reducing Risk and Enhancing Protective Factors in Children, DA 08093). This proposal seeks five years of continued funding to conduct data collection from the full study sample and social development booster interventions with subjects in the experimental condition. The Raising Healthy Children (RHC) is a field experiment conducted in cooperation with the Edmond's school district in the Seattle, WA metropolitan area. The project is focused on testing interventions to change developmentally appropriate risk and protective factors in the primary socializing institutions of family, school, peer group and the individual. Embedded within the trial is a longitudinal study of the etiology of substance use and patterns of substance use. This social development prevention trial and etiological study was originally funded in 1993 for three years and was refunded for 5 more years in 1996. This application proposes to continue developmentally appropriate social development preventive intervention through family focused booster sessions that correspond to critical transitions that often enhance risk and reduce protection: the transition to high school, the transition to unaccompanied driving, and the post high school transition. This proposal will investigate the efficacy of the longitudinal prevention intervention; the study cohort will be 18-19 years old during the final year of data collection. Examining effects beyond the intervention is consistent with research indicating that effects may be stronger at long-term follow ups than they are at post-test (e.g. Botvin et al., 1995; Pentz et al., 1994; Tremblay, et al. 1996) and the emergence of increasingly divergent trajectories between intervention and control groups long after (3 1/2 years) a relatively brief intervention (Spoth et al., under review).