Reducing Risk & Enhancing Protective Factors in Children

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一项基于理论的随机预防试验的竞争性延续，降低儿童的风险并增强保护因素。干预是一种社会发展的预防方法，重点是影响家庭、学校和同伴群体等主要社交机构以及个人的风险和保护因素的发展表现。1993年，一组来自10所小学的一年级和二年级学生参加了这项研究。任务完成后，在1年级到12年级进行预防性干预。这些干预措施的设计符合社会发展模型（Catalano and Hawkins, 1996; 2002），这是一种关于积极行为和问题行为的发展理论。在试验中嵌入的是对药物使用的病因、药物使用模式、危险性行为和其他问题行为以及积极行为的纵向研究。拟议的申请旨在继续从青少年过渡到青年成年期的年度数据收集，以评估从一年级到十二年级提供的社会发展干预措施在防止药物使用和其他问题以及增强积极成果（包括教育成就，有意义的就业，积极的关系以及公民和经济责任）方面的功效。此外，父母将在青少年20岁和24岁时接受采访。该应用程序还寻求将病因学调查扩展到物质使用，危险性行为和其他问题行为的原因，包括检查青年时期个体和环境风险因素之间的相互作用，这一时期以环境的多重和相对快速的变化为标志。此外，虽然许多研究调查了青少年药物使用的后果，但较少研究调解和/或缓和青少年药物使用对年轻人药物使用和其他结果的影响的因素。本研究将调查关于青少年药物使用与年轻人药物使用和其他结果之间联系的竞争性假设。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a competing continuation of a theory based randomized prevention trial, Reducing Risk and Enhancing Protective Factors in Children. The intervention is a social development approach to prevention focused on affecting the developmental expression of risk and protective factors in the primary socializing institutions of family, school, and peer group, and in the individual. A panel of first and second grade students from 10 elementary schools was recruited to participate in the study in 1993. After assignment preventive interventions were delivered in grades 1 through 12. The interventions have been designed to be consistent with the Social Development Model (Catalano and Hawkins, 1996; 2002), a developmental theory of positive and problem behavior. Embedded within the trial is a longitudinal study of the etiology of substance use, patterns of substance use, risky sexual behavior, and other problem behaviors as well as positive behavior. The proposed application seeks to continue annual data collection from the youth as they transition into young adulthood in order to assess the efficacy through age 25 of social development interventions delivered in grade 1 through grade 12 in preventing substance use and other problems as well as enhancing positive outcomes including educational attainment, meaningful employment, positive relationships and civic and financial responsibility. Additionaly, parents will be interviewed when youth are age 20 and 24. This application also seeks to extend etiological investigations into the causes of substance use, risky sexual behavior and other problem behavior including examining the interaction between individual and environmental risk factors during young adulthood a time marked by multiple and relatively rapid changes in environments. In addition, while many studies have investigated the consequences of adolescent substance use, fewer have examined the factors that mediate and/or moderate the consequences of adolescent substance use on young adult substance use and other outcomes. This study will investigate competing hypotheses about the links between adolescent substance use and young adult substance use and other outcomes.