EXCEPTIONAL LONGEVITY IN TEPHRITID FRUIT FLIES

项目3：实蝇超长寿命的决定因素 这个项目将使用麦迪逊苍蝇和 墨西哥果蝇(墨西哥果蝇)的进化、营养和行为背景。由于墨西哥和美国最近决定停止在塔帕丘拉实验室饲养成年蜻蜓，生物人口学实验系统中加入迈克斯蝇是必要的，此前所有的研究都是在该实验室进行的。该项目将有七名科学家参与，包括项目负责人詹姆斯·凯里、合作伙伴劳伦斯·哈什曼(内布拉斯加州大学)、汉斯·米蒂勒(加州大学戴维斯分校)、王珍玲(加州大学戴维斯分校)以及合作者巴勃罗·利多博士(墨西哥)、拜伦·卡索亚诺斯博士(希腊)和尼科斯·帕帕佐普洛斯博士(希腊)。该项目有四个具体目标。目标1围绕着“进化生物人口学”的概念，我们建议开发一套生态老年学规则，将进化的寿命与选择环境联系起来。我们会 用从世界不同地区收集的麦德蝇“种族”来验证这样的假设：在热带环境中，自然选择有利于缩短寿命，而在沙漠和/或地中海气候中，自然选择有利于非凡的寿命。目标2涉及收集墨西哥果蝇(墨西哥果蝇)的基线生物统计学和行为数据，墨西哥果蝇是一种特别长寿的物种。目标3将涉及饮食操作的生物人口学问题，我们将使用MexFly模型系统收集数据，这是有史以来进行的关于营养对死亡率、寿命和雌性生殖的影响的最大和最全面的生物人口学研究之一。目标4涉及行为生物人口学--研究年龄相关的行为模式，这些模式既影响年龄，又受到年龄的影响。这一目标将为开发与发病率动力学有关的模型系统奠定基础--这是关于达到特殊年龄的个人的生物学和人口学的老龄化研究的一个极其重要但鲜为人知的方面。

Project 3: Determinants of Exceptional Longevity in Tephritid Fruit Flies This project will examine the determinants of exceptional longevity using both the medfly and the Mexican fruit fly (Mexfly) in evolutionary, nutritional and behavioral contexts. The addition of the Mexfly to the biodemography experimental system is necessary because of the recent decision by Mexico and the U.S. to discontinue rearing adult medflies at the Tapachula laboratory where all previous research has been conducted. The project will involve seven scientists including Project Leader James Carey, co-PLs Lawrence Harshman (Nebraska), Hans Mtiller (UC Davis), Jane-Ling Wang (UC Davis) and collaborators Drs. Pablo Liedo (Mexico), Byron Katsoyannos (Greece) and Nikos Papadopoulos (Greece). The project has four specific aims. Aim 1 is framed around the concept of 'evolutionary biodemography' where we propose to develop sets of eco-gerontological rules that relate evolved life span to the selection environment. We will use medfly 'races' collected from different regions of the world to test the hypothesis that natural selection favors reduced longevity in tropical environments and exceptional longevity in desert and/or Mediterranean climates. Aim 2 involves gathering baseline biodemographic and behavioral data on the Mexican fruit fly (Mexfly)--a species that is exceptionally long-lived. Aim 3 will involve questions concerned with the biodemography of dietary manipulation where we will use the Mexfly model system for gathering data in one of the largest and most comprehensive biodemographic studies ever conducted on the effects of nutrition on mortality, longevity and female reproduction. Aim 4 is concerned with behavioral biodemography--the study of the age-specific patterns of behaviors that both impact and, in turn, are impacted by aging. This aim will lay the groundwork for the development of model systems concerned with morbidity dynamics--an extremely important but poorly understood aspect of aging research on the biology and demography of individuals who have attained exceptional ages.