Nordic models of equity in Early Childhood Development (ECD)

北欧的社会民主福利制度被广泛认为在国际儿童发展排行榜上提供了高水平的公平和强劲的表现。怀孕和幼儿期是儿童发展的关键时期，也是解决整个生命过程中健康不平等问题的优先事项。然而，对北欧国家产妇保健和幼儿发展的综合综合系统进行分析以及确定有助于实现健康和公平发展的系统、政策和做法的可转移学习方面的关注相对较少。其目的是从北欧的幼儿发展体系（概念三）中获取可转移的政策和实践经验，以及与幼儿发展成果的相对高绩效和低不平等相关的因素。本研究将采用混合方法，包括以下工作包：概念框架：开发一个生态概念框架，用于比较分析儿童早期发展时期（概念至3岁）对关键结果的影响。政策和系统分析：通过绘制和描述ECD系统（治理、组织、资源、政策、规划、实践）的特征，在四个北欧国家（挪威、芬兰、丹麦、瑞典）实施概念框架；以及更广泛的社会人口、经济和文化背景。分析将确定潜在的北欧ECD模式的共同特征，以及各国之间的区别特征，考虑到其起源的有利条件和政治进程3。案例研究：将对两个地方的系统进行案例研究，以深入了解系统的已确定特征如何在实地运作，并确定可转移的做法。案例研究将包括对当地出生队列研究数据的原始分析，从而能够对与积极和公平的儿童发展有关的因素进行实证调查

Nordic social democratic welfare systems are widely recognised as delivering high levels of equity andstrong performance in international league tables for child development. Pregnancy and early childhoodare a critical period for child development and a priority for tackling health inequalities across the life-course. Yet relatively little attention has been paid to analysing the comprehensive and integratedsystems of maternal health and Early Childhood Development (ECD) in the Nordic countries and toidentifying transferable learning about the systems, policies and practices that help to achieve healthyand equitable development.The aim will be to capture transferable learning for policy and practice from Nordic systems for ECD(conception-three) and the factors associated with relatively high performance and low inequity in ECDoutcomes. The research will take a mixed methods approach, comprising the following work packages:1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: Development of an ecological conceptual framework for comparativeanalysis of the influences on key outcomes during the period of early childhood development (conceptionto age 3).2. POLICY & SYSTEMS ANALYSIS: Operationalisation of the conceptual framework across four Nordiccountries (Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden) by mapping and delineating the features of ECD systems(governance; organisation; resources; policies; programmes; practices); as well as the wider socio-demographic, economic and cultural contexts. Analysis will identify the shared features of a potentialNordic model(s) of ECD - as well as features of distinction between the countries, considering theenabling conditions and political processes in their genesis3. CASE STUDIES: case studies of systems in two local areas will be carried out to provide in-depthunderstanding of how identified features of the systems operate on the ground and to identifytransferable practices. The case studies will include original analysis of local birth cohort study data,enabling empirical investigation of factors associated with positive and equitable child development