A Solidarity Approach to Disaster Management: Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery in Contemporary Cuba

通过跨学科方法，该项目将评估古巴全面灾害管理系统的有效性和复杂性，该系统不仅取决于效率，还取决于团结和参与的社会文化价值观。结合关键学科(文化研究和发展地理学)和方法(批评话语分析)，它将有效地分析影响、支持和推动古巴灾害管理实践的潜在文化。古巴独特的灾害管理模式非常成功：尽管每年都有几次飓风，但人类生命损失仍然非常低(Kirk 2017：2)。自1959年以来，通过政策、降低风险和群众参与，已经形成了一个有组织和有效的系统来保护人口和基础设施。然而，当代对古巴灾害管理模式的研究往往集中在特定的方面，如特定的制度或历史时期，而不是探索该制度如何在整个社会发挥作用。古巴的灾害管理制度将通过团结的框架来审查，团结的框架被定义为“通过政治斗争建立的、寻求挑战各种压迫形式的关系”(Featherstone 2012：5)。团结强调相互联系和承诺，需要“许多个人作为一个群体的默许”，以及“意见、目的和利益的完全统一”(Kritikos等人)。2007年：73)。这密切地反映了19世纪知识分子何塞·马蒂的思想，他在古巴经常被描述为古巴革命的知识分子作者，他认为“幸福存在于地球上，通过谨慎地运用理性、普遍和谐的知识和不断实践慷慨的方式可以获得幸福”(2007：51)。马尔蒂的思想继续对古巴社会和政府起着重要的智力和意识形态作用。因此，本项目探讨了古巴基于社区的团结对灾害管理取得成功的关键重要性。关键研究问题包括：-团结如何为古巴灾害管理的政策和实践提供信息？-如何在整个人口的话语和行动中内化和再现团结的概念和行动？-如何使团结的概念和行动在国际上适用于灾害管理战略？通过审查如何在政府政策、大众媒体的代表以及基层的看法和行动中实现团结的话语和行动，该项目因此为理解古巴国内外的这一主题做出了新的贡献。第1章(灾害管理的理论、概念、方法和文化)和第2章(古巴灾害管理的方法)的草案。第2年：研究问题的提炼；在古巴的实地工作；第3章和第4章的草案(关于古巴政策、做法和文化的数据分析)。第3/3.5年：起草最终论文；设计和交付影响和公众参与(数字资源、展览、摄影短文和/或纪录片)。全球灾害管理现在是当务之急，必须探索应对气候变化的不同战略。通过分析古巴的复杂模式，该项目将产生知识共享、信息共享和国际灾害管理政策，并有助于制定有效的办法来减轻自然灾害这一我们时代的重大全球挑战。

Through a cross-disciplinary approach, this project will assess the effectiveness and complexities of Cuba's holistic disaster management system which is not only reliant on efficiency but also on socio cultural values of solidarity and participation. Combining key disciplines (cultural studies and development geography) and methods (Critical Discourse Analysis), it will effectively analyze theunderlying cultures that inform, support, and propel Cuba's disaster management practices.Cuba's distinctive disaster management model is extremely successful: despite several hurricanes every year, the loss of human life remains extremely low (Kirk 2017: 2). Through policy, risk reduction, andmass participation, an organized and effective system has been developed since 1959 to protect the population and infrastructure. However, contemporary research on the Cuban disaster managementmodel tends to focus on specific aspects such as specific systems or historical periods, rather than exploring how the system functions across society.Cuba's disaster management system will be examined through the framework of solidarity, which is defined as a "relation forged through political struggle which seeks to challenge forms of oppression"(Featherstone 2012: 5). Solidarity highlights interconnection and commitment and requires "implicit agreement of many individuals as of a group" alongside "complete unity as of opinion, purpose, andinterest" (Kritikos et al. 2007: 73). This reflects closely the thinking of 19th-century intellectual José Marti, often described in Cuba as the intellectual author of the Cuban Revolution, who argued that"happiness exists on earth, and it can be won by means of the prudent exercise of reason, the knowledge of universal harmony, and the constant practice of generosity" (2007: 51). Marti's ideascontinue to serve an important intellectual and ideological function for both Cuban society and government. Hence, this project explores the crucial importance of Cuba's community-based solidarity inenabling success in disaster management.Key research questions include:- How does solidarity inform policy and practice in Cuba's disaster management?- How is it internalized and reproduced in discourse and action across the population?- How can the concept and action of solidarity be adapted for disaster management strategy internationally?Through examining how the discourse and action of solidarity in disaster response are realized across government policy, mass media representation, and grassroots perceptions and actions, this projecttherefore makes a new contribution to understanding the subject in Cuba and beyond.Year 1: Literature review at the Hennessy Collection, University of Nottingham; drafts of Chapter 1 (theories, concepts, approaches, and cultures of disaster management) and Chapter 2 (Cubanapproaches to disaster management).Year 2: Refinement of research questions; fieldwork in Cuba; drafts of Chapters 3 and 4 (data analysis on policies, practices, and cultures in Cuba).Year 3/3.5: Drafting of final thesis; design and delivery of impact and public engagement (digital resource, exhibition, photo essay, and/or documentary film)Global disaster management is now urgent, and diverse strategies must be explored to address climate change. By analyzing Cuba's complex model, this project will generate knowledge-sharing, informinternational disaster management policies, and contribute to developing effective approaches to mitigating natural disasters, the great global challenge of our time.