symbols of Unity: Pride Flags and the Development of LGBTQ+ Identities in London, Berlin, and New York after Stonewall.

在21世纪，骄傲旗离不开LGBTQ+社区。例如，彩虹旗最出名的是它与那些在LGBTQ+保护伞下认同的人的联系。然而，尽管骄傲旗在今天很突出，但在历史学术中找到任何与骄傲旗有关的参考文献都是一项令人惊讶的具有挑战性的任务。鉴于这些符号的历史重要性，文献中的这种缺失引发了重要的研究问题。彩虹骄傲旗起源于20世纪70年代末旧金山的一次骄傲游行，自那以后，彩虹骄傲旗已经成为LGBTQ+社区的全球可识别的象征。彩虹骄傲旗是如何超越其空间原点的，目前还没有答案。因此，这个项目的核心是彩虹骄傲旗如何以及为什么能够成为LGBTQ+社区的全球公认象征的地位的问题。这个项目以伦敦、柏林和纽约为重点，着眼于调查这些城市大都市空间中的同性恋亚文化及其跨国联系。它提出，在这些网络中，存在着一种最有可能的方法，通过这种方法，该符号能够到达LGBTQ+，识别旧金山以外的社区。然后，这些社区如何将彩虹骄傲旗以及随后的特定身份的骄傲旗提升到今天的全球认可地位，将通过社区在骄傲游行/节日等活动中使用这些旗帜来探索。在探索这段原本被忽视的历史时，这个项目旨在重新发现一个社区丢失的历史，并突出彩虹骄傲旗力量的起源。

In the twenty-first century, pride flags are inseparable from LGBTQ+ communities. The rainbow flag, for example, is best known for its association with those who identify under the LGBTQ+ umbrella. Despite their prominence today, however, finding any reference to pride flags in historical scholarship is a surprisingly challenging task. Given the historical importance of these symbols, this absence in the literature raises important research questions. Originating in the late 1970s for a pride march in San Francisco, the rainbow pride flag has since become a globally recognisable symbol for the LGBTQ+ community. Just how the rainbow pride flag was able to transcend its spatial point of origin remains unanswered. At the heart of this project, then, is the question of how, and why, the rainbow pride flag was able to attain its status as a globally recognisable symbol for the LGBTQ+ community. With a focus on London, Berlin, and New York, this project sets its sights on investigating the queer subcultures within these urban metropolitan spaces their transnational connections. It proposes that within these networks lie the most probable method by which the symbol was able to reach LGBTQ+ identifying communities outside of San Francisco. How these communities then elevated the rainbow pride flag, and subsequent identity-specific pride flags, to their globally recognised status today will be explored by the community's use of these flags at events such as pride marches/festivals. In exploring this otherwise overlooked history, this project aims to rediscover a community's lost history and highlight the origins of the rainbow pride flag's power.