Reducing Risk & Enhancing Protective Factors in Children

描述(由申请人提供)：这是一项基于理论的随机预防试验的竞争性延续，旨在降低儿童风险并增强保护因素。干预是一种社会发展的预防方法，侧重于影响家庭、学校、同龄人和个人等初级社交机构中风险和保护因素的发展表达。1993年，来自10所小学的一年级和二年级学生参加了这项研究。分配任务后，在1至12年级提供预防干预措施。干预措施的设计符合社会发展模式(Catalano和Hawkins，1996；2002)，这是一种关于积极行为和问题行为的发展理论。试验中嵌入了对药物使用的病因学、药物使用模式、危险性行为和其他问题行为以及积极行为的纵向研究。拟议的申请旨在继续从青少年过渡到青年成年期的年度数据收集，以评估从1年级到12年级提供的社会发展干预措施在25岁期间在防止药物滥用和其他问题以及加强包括教育成就、有意义的就业、积极的关系以及公民和经济责任在内的积极成果方面的有效性。此外，父母将在年轻人20岁和24岁时接受采访。这项申请还寻求扩大对药物使用、危险性行为和其他问题行为的原因的病因学调查，包括检查青年时期个人和环境风险因素之间的相互作用，这一时期标志着环境的多重和相对快速的变化。此外，虽然许多研究调查了青少年使用药物的后果，但很少有人研究影响和/或缓和青少年使用药物对青少年药物使用和其他后果的影响的因素。这项研究将调查关于青少年药物使用和年轻人药物使用之间的联系以及其他结果之间的相互竞争的假设。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a competing continuation of a theory based randomized prevention trial, Reducing Risk and Enhancing Protective Factors in Children. The intervention is a social development approach to prevention focused on affecting the developmental expression of risk and protective factors in the primary socializing institutions of family, school, and peer group, and in the individual. A panel of first and second grade students from 10 elementary schools was recruited to participate in the study in 1993. After assignment preventive interventions were delivered in grades 1 through 12. The interventions have been designed to be consistent with the Social Development Model (Catalano and Hawkins, 1996; 2002), a developmental theory of positive and problem behavior. Embedded within the trial is a longitudinal study of the etiology of substance use, patterns of substance use, risky sexual behavior, and other problem behaviors as well as positive behavior. The proposed application seeks to continue annual data collection from the youth as they transition into young adulthood in order to assess the efficacy through age 25 of social development interventions delivered in grade 1 through grade 12 in preventing substance use and other problems as well as enhancing positive outcomes including educational attainment, meaningful employment, positive relationships and civic and financial responsibility. Additionaly, parents will be interviewed when youth are age 20 and 24. This application also seeks to extend etiological investigations into the causes of substance use, risky sexual behavior and other problem behavior including examining the interaction between individual and environmental risk factors during young adulthood a time marked by multiple and relatively rapid changes in environments. In addition, while many studies have investigated the consequences of adolescent substance use, fewer have examined the factors that mediate and/or moderate the consequences of adolescent substance use on young adult substance use and other outcomes. This study will investigate competing hypotheses about the links between adolescent substance use and young adult substance use and other outcomes.