Adolescents' responses to anti-smoking PSAs

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年吸烟率从20世纪90年代末的峰值水平下降，但近年来，这种下降速度似乎有所放缓。反吸烟媒体似乎对这些波动的吸烟率产生了一些影响，对烟草控制工作来说，以从不吸烟者为目标，防止他们尝试吸烟，也以实验者和当前吸烟者为目标，特别是为了阻止他们向更经常、更依赖的吸烟水平发展，变得越来越重要。然而，文献中的关键空白限制了在这一临界点上的进展。关于反吸烟媒体最有效的特征是什么还没有达成共识，缺乏关于调节反吸烟媒体反应的心理机制的理论驱动信息，以及关于青少年吸烟状况如何调节反吸烟媒体反应的信息缺乏。本研究旨在测试一种新的社会认知模型，该模型描述了反吸烟公益广告（psa）的特征如何影响高风险吸烟认知（即吸烟态度、拒绝自我效能和未来吸烟意图），这些认知已被证明可以预测具有不同吸烟经验的青少年（11-17岁）未来的吸烟行为。研究1是一个横断面相关设计，将评估反吸烟公益广告的感知说服强度与这些公益广告中来源所显示的外围线索的感知效价（负向正）和公益广告的感知反吸烟论点质量的关系程度，以及这些关系如何被吸烟状况所调节。研究2是一项实验性研究，将在3（吸烟状态：从不吸烟者、实验者、当前吸烟者）x2 （PSA论据质量，弱，强）x2 （PSA外围线索效价：负，正）x2（时间：前，后）混合模型设计中，评估操纵反吸烟PSA的外围特征和说服力对青少年未来吸烟意图、吸烟态度和拒绝吸烟自我效能的影响程度。研究结果有望促进对反吸烟广告的关键成分如何影响这些广告在改变青少年吸烟行为重要预测因素方面的效果的因果关系的理解。这些研究结果的长期含义是，可以设计和开发更有效的反吸烟广告。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescent smoking rates have declined in from peak levels of the late 1990's, but in recent years, this rate of decline appears to have slowed. Anti-smoking media seem to have had some effect on these fluctuating smoking rates and it has become increasingly important for tobacco control efforts to target never smokers to prevent them from ever experimenting with smoking and also to target experimenters and current smokers specifically in order to arrest progression to more regular, dependent levels of smoking. However, there are key gaps in the literature that limit progress on this critical point. There is no consensus on what the most effective features of anti-smoking media are, a lack of theory-driven information about the psychological mechanisms are that regulate responses to anti-smoking media, and a paucity of information about how adolescent smoking status moderates responses to anti-smoking media. This research proposes to test a novel social cognitive model that specifies how features of anti-smoking Public Service Announcements (PSAs) influence high risk smoking cognitions (i.e., smoking attitudes, refusal selfefficacy, and future smoking intentions) that have been shown to predict future smoking behavior among adolescents (ages 11-17) who have varying levels of experience with cigarette smoking. Study 1, a cross sectional correlational design, will evaluate the degree to which the perceived persuasive strength of anti-smoking PSAs is related to the perceived valence (negative to positive) of the peripheral cues displayed by the sources in those PSAs and the perceived anti-smoking argument quality of the PSAs and how these relations are moderated by smoking status. Study 2, an experimental study, will evaluate, in a 3 (smoking status: never smoker, experimenter, current smoker) X 2 (PSA argument quality, weak, strong) X 2 (PSA peripheral cue valence: negative, positive) X 2 (time: pre-, post-) mixed model design, the degree to which manipulating the peripheral features and persuasive strength of anti-smoking PSAs causally affects changes in future smoking intentions, smoking attitudes, and smoking refusal self-efficacy among adolescents. The results promise to advance understanding of how critical ingredients of anti-smoking advertising causally influence the efficacy x>f those advertisements in changing important predictors of adolescent smoking behavior. The long-term implication of the results of these studies is that more effective anti-smoking advertisements could be designed and developed.