Experimentally Testing Legally Feasible Regulatory Options for Reducing the Impact of the Point-of-sale Retail Environment on Adolescent Tobacco Use.

项目摘要 零售销售点(POS)的烟草广告包括允许烟草产品的促销津贴 以更低的成本向消费者宣传和销售(例如，二送一特惠)；高知名度销售和 因此，在电力墙上放置数百种烟草产品；并展示大型、多样化的 商店外部海报广告的集合。青少年有极大的风险患有 反复暴露在这种富含烟草的POS环境中，这种暴露有助于增加 青少年吸烟。虽然抑制了烟草丰富的POS环境对青少年的影响 烟草使用是一个关键的公共卫生目标，一些POS广告法规不太可能在 因为它们侵犯了烟草行业的商业言论自由权利。例如, 在美国，消除烟草电源墙可能不是一个可行的选择，因为它已经成功 在法庭上受到烟草行业的质疑。不违反行业商业自由的POS法规 言论权利更有可能得到法院的支持。例如，消除烟草产品 价格促销，通过限制风味产品的销售减少烟草产品的可获得性；以及 限制烟草产品海报在POS上可以占据的门窗空间，所有这些都被 在POS作为可行的和有法律依据的监管选择实施。支持这一观点的证据 然而，这些举措的效力几乎是不存在的--让它们面临法律审查。整体而言 这项研究的目的是通过实验评估不同的、法律上可行的方法来减少 POS零售环境对青少年烟草使用风险的影响。我们将对四项规定进行调查 烟草产品类别(香烟、电子烟、无烟烟草、小雪茄/雪茄)。我们建议 调查取消烟草产品价格促销的程度(研究1)，限制多少 门窗空间烟草海报可以在POS占据(研究2)，并取消销售调味品和/或 薄荷醇烟草产品(研究3)降低青少年烟草使用风险。每项研究都将评估性别 和种族(非裔美国人对高加索人)作为正在调查的法规的关键调解人。这个 研究将在兰德商店实验室进行，这是一个真人大小的便利店复制品，开发的目的是 通过实验评估POS烟草促销方面的改变如何影响烟草使用。这些 研究将提供关键的概念验证信息，以确定增量(但在法律上可行) POS环境的变化会影响青少年烟草的使用，因此，先进的监管科学旨在 帮助青少年抵制强大的、烟草含量丰富的POS零售环境。

Project Summary Tobacco advertising at retail point-of-sale (POS) includes promotional allowances that permit tobacco products to be advertised and sold at reduced cost to consumers (e.g., two-for-one specials); high visibility sale and therefore placement of hundreds of tobacco products on power walls; and the display of a large, diverse collection of poster advertisements on the exterior of the stores. Adolescents are at significant risk for having repeated exposures to this tobacco rich POS environment and such exposures contribute to increases in adolescent tobacco use. Although curbing the effect of the tobacco rich POS environment on adolescent tobacco use is a critical public health goal, some POS advertising regulations are unlikely to be viable in the United States because they impinge upon the tobacco industry's commercial free speech rights. For example, eliminating the tobacco power wall is probably not a viable option in the US as it has been successfully challenged in court by the tobacco industry. POS regulations that do not violate the industry's commercial free speech rights stand a better chance of being upheld by the courts. For example, eliminating tobacco product price promotions, reducing the availability of tobacco products by restricting the sale of flavored products, and restricting how much door/window space tobacco product posters can occupy at POS, all have been implemented as feasible and legally defensible regulatory options at POS. The evidence base supporting the efficacy of these initiatives is, however, almost non-existent – leaving them open to legal scrutiny. The overall aim of this research is to experimentally evaluate different, legally-viable approaches to reducing the impact of the POS retail environment on adolescent tobacco use risk. We will be investigating the regulations for four classes of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, little cigars/cigarillos). We propose to investigate the extent to which eliminating tobacco product price promotions (Study 1), restricting how much door/window space tobacco posters can occupy at POS (Study 2), and eliminating the sale of flavored and/or mentholated tobacco products (Study 3) reduce adolescent tobacco-use risk. Each study will evaluate gender and race (African-American vs Caucasian) as key moderators of the regulations under investigation. The studies will take place in the RAND StoreLab, a life-sized replica of a convenience store that was developed to experimentally evaluate how altering aspects of tobacco promotion at POS influences tobacco use. These studies stand to provide critical proof-of-concept information on whether incremental (but legally feasible) changes to the POS environment influence adolescent tobacco use and thus, advance regulatory science aimed at helping adolescents resist the powerful, tobacco-rich POS retail environment.