Experimentally Testing Legally Feasible Regulatory Options for Reducing the Impact of the Point-of-sale Retail Environment on Adolescent Tobacco Use.

项目摘要 零售销售点（POS）的烟草广告包括允许烟草产品 以降低的成本向消费者做广告和销售（例如，买一送一特价）;高知名度的销售和 因此，在电力墙上放置数百种烟草产品;并展示一个大型的，多样化的 在商店外部收集海报广告。青少年有很大的风险， 反复暴露于这种富含烟草的POS环境，这种暴露有助于增加 青少年烟草使用。虽然抑制了烟草丰富的POS环境对青少年的影响， 烟草使用是一个重要的公共卫生目标，一些POS广告法规在未来不太可能可行 因为它们侵犯了烟草业的商业言论自由权。比如说， 消除烟草权力墙在美国可能不是一个可行的选择，因为它已经成功地 在法庭上受到烟草业的质疑。不违反行业商业免费的POS规定 言论权利更有机会得到法庭的支持。例如，消除烟草产品 价格促销，通过限制调味产品的销售来减少烟草产品的供应，以及 限制多少门/窗空间烟草产品海报可以占据在销售点，所有已被 在POS实施可行且合法的监管选项。证据基础支持 然而，这些倡议几乎没有效力，因而受到法律的审查。整体 这项研究的目的是通过实验评估不同的，法律上可行的方法，以减少影响， POS零售环境对青少年烟草使用风险的影响。我们将调查四个月的规定 烟草产品类别（香烟、电子烟、无烟烟草、小雪茄/小雪茄）。我们建议 调查消除烟草产品价格促销的程度（研究1），限制 门/窗空间烟草海报可以占据在POS（研究2），并消除销售调味和/或 薄荷烟草制品（研究3）降低青少年烟草使用风险。每项研究将评估性别 和种族（非洲裔美国人与高加索人）作为正在调查的法规的关键主持人。的 研究将在兰德商店实验室进行，这是一个真人大小的便利店复制品， 实验评估如何改变POS的烟草促销方面影响烟草使用。这些 研究将提供关键的概念验证信息，说明增量（但在法律上可行） POS环境的变化影响青少年烟草使用，因此， 帮助青少年抵制强大的，烟草丰富的POS零售环境。

Project Summary Tobacco advertising at retail point-of-sale (POS) includes promotional allowances that permit tobacco products to be advertised and sold at reduced cost to consumers (e.g., two-for-one specials); high visibility sale and therefore placement of hundreds of tobacco products on power walls; and the display of a large, diverse collection of poster advertisements on the exterior of the stores. Adolescents are at significant risk for having repeated exposures to this tobacco rich POS environment and such exposures contribute to increases in adolescent tobacco use. Although curbing the effect of the tobacco rich POS environment on adolescent tobacco use is a critical public health goal, some POS advertising regulations are unlikely to be viable in the United States because they impinge upon the tobacco industry's commercial free speech rights. For example, eliminating the tobacco power wall is probably not a viable option in the US as it has been successfully challenged in court by the tobacco industry. POS regulations that do not violate the industry's commercial free speech rights stand a better chance of being upheld by the courts. For example, eliminating tobacco product price promotions, reducing the availability of tobacco products by restricting the sale of flavored products, and restricting how much door/window space tobacco product posters can occupy at POS, all have been implemented as feasible and legally defensible regulatory options at POS. The evidence base supporting the efficacy of these initiatives is, however, almost non-existent – leaving them open to legal scrutiny. The overall aim of this research is to experimentally evaluate different, legally-viable approaches to reducing the impact of the POS retail environment on adolescent tobacco use risk. We will be investigating the regulations for four classes of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, little cigars/cigarillos). We propose to investigate the extent to which eliminating tobacco product price promotions (Study 1), restricting how much door/window space tobacco posters can occupy at POS (Study 2), and eliminating the sale of flavored and/or mentholated tobacco products (Study 3) reduce adolescent tobacco-use risk. Each study will evaluate gender and race (African-American vs Caucasian) as key moderators of the regulations under investigation. The studies will take place in the RAND StoreLab, a life-sized replica of a convenience store that was developed to experimentally evaluate how altering aspects of tobacco promotion at POS influences tobacco use. These studies stand to provide critical proof-of-concept information on whether incremental (but legally feasible) changes to the POS environment influence adolescent tobacco use and thus, advance regulatory science aimed at helping adolescents resist the powerful, tobacco-rich POS retail environment.