Dense Array EEG for Neonatal Sleep Monitoring

描述（由申请人提供）：脑电图（EEG）是一种安全、无创的监测新生儿脑功能的技术。婴幼儿急性和长期脑电图监测对于评估缺氧缺血性损伤的影响和检测癫痫活动的存在具有临床应用价值。医学干预可能有效的几种新生儿脑病，如果这些是早期发现。例如，在婴儿猝死综合症（SIDS）中，睡眠调节的神经生理学紊乱可能对许多婴儿有潜在的生命威胁，并且可能是可以治疗的，但我们对正常新生儿睡眠神经生理学及其失调的了解有限。通过使用足够数量的电极来准确地绘制脑电图的空间分布而不产生空间混叠，可以大大增强新生儿脑电图的可用信息。测地线脑电图新生儿脑监测仪将根据婴儿头部头皮电位所需采样密度的实验研究和理论模拟来设计。将开发密集阵列脑电图方法，结合婴儿颅骨解剖的独特特征来估计婴儿大脑中的电位。测地线脑电图新生儿脑监测仪将适用于各种临床用途，最初侧重于监测新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）睡眠中的脑功能。第二阶段的工作将产生一个低成本的产品线，从简单的4通道脑电图与生命体征监视器到256通道密集阵列系统。这些产品将为监测新生儿的正常和病理脑状态带来重大进展，为早产儿和足月婴儿的觉醒控制和睡眠成熟提供信息，这可能对了解各种临床疾病很重要。

DESCRIPTION (PROVIDED BY APPLICANT): Electroencephalography (EEG) is a safe, noninvasive technique for monitoring neonatal brain function. Acute and long-term EEG monitoring of infants has clinical utility for evaluating the effects of hypoxic ischemic insults and detecting the presence of epileptic activity. Medical intervention may be effective for several neonatal brain pathologies if these are detected early. In Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), for example, disorders in the neurophysiology of sleep regulation may be potentially life-threatening for many infants, and may be amenable to treatment, but we have a limited understanding of both the normal neonatal sleep neurophysiology and its disregulation. The information available in neonatal EEG can be greatly enhanced by using an adequate number of electrodes to accurately map the spatial distribution of the EEG without spatial aliasing. The Geodesic EEG Neonatal Brain Monitor will be designed from experimental studies and theoretical simulations of the required sampling density for scalp potentials on the infant head. Dense Array EEG methods will be developed that incorporate the unique features of infant skull anatomy to estimate the potentials in the brain of the infant. The Geodesic EEG Neonatal Brain Monitor will be adapted for a variety of clinical uses, initially focusing on monitoring brain function in sleep in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). A low-cost product line would result from the Phase II work, ranging from simple 4- channel EEG with vital signs monitors to a 256-channel dense array system. These products will bring major advances to monitoring both normal and pathological brain states of the neonate, providing information on the maturation of arousal control and sleep in preterm and full term infants that may be important in understanding a variety of clinical disorders.