Multimodal analysis of the construction of sexual violence narratives on YouTube

#MeToo运动已经将分享性暴力故事转变为社交媒体上的女权主义运动。关于#MeToo的现有文献主要集中在Twitter上，对YouTube的学术关注有限，尽管它提供了这种叙述的交流中心（Almanssori & Stanley，2021）。性虐待通常与幸存者自我的关系改变有关，与他们的身体脱节，失去信任，或解离（赫尔曼，2015）。此外，Almanssori & Stanley（2021）和Gay（2018）发现，由于内在意识形态的冲突，受害者对他们如何看待自己的性暴力经历感到矛盾。因此，在YouTube上获得较长形式的视频和与视频相关的多模式元素，可以深入了解受害者的经历以及他们如何看待自己和周围环境。该项目分析性暴力叙事作为个人愈合和社会重要性的人工制品在一个平台上，是主机社区支持和匿名拖钓（Colliver & Coyle，2020）。该项目有可能对视频和叙述进行全面和全面的分析，方法是对视频和叙述的多个方面进行分析，包括多模式分析。它的目标是探索和理解性暴力叙事，以补充关于消除强奸文化的讨论（货车Dijk，2001年）。在这个项目的更广泛的目标下，我将寻求回答以下问题：1）意识形态是如何被复制或拒绝的？2)叙事是如何在语言和视觉上构建的？3)受害者或视频发布者如何适应或不适应他们的观众？研究方法本研究将从女性主义批评话语分析和多模态分析两个角度对视频语料进行分析。Lazar（2007）将女性主义话语分析解释为理解“性别意识形态和性别权力关系如何（重新）产生，谈判和争议”（第150页）。货车·迪克（2001）认为“批评话语分析者采取明确的立场，因此想要理解、揭露并最终抵制社会不平等”（第352页），这是本研究的核心目的。这一立场与Lazar（2007）FCDA范式的核心一起，导致分析特别围绕性暴力话语中的性别相关问题进行。比FCDA理论框架更广泛的是，该项目将借鉴Fairclough（2013）的方言关系方法（Dialectal Relational Approach，简称DAF）框架。关键是，这一框架依赖于对话语因素和社会因素的分析。这种社会行动的结合自然具有跨学科的性质，能够分析作为人工制品的视频的策展，以及传播的社会意识形态的影响。在法医语言学领域，多模态分析的存在很重要，特别是在性暴力案件中，因为多模态元素“伪造身份，协调认识立场，并在性侵犯的社会法律组织中分配责任”。（Coulthard &约翰逊，2010年，第542页）。我将探讨词汇选择，语言特征，以及受害者用来再现意识形态、创造身份和与观众互动的多模态特征。定量分析表明，与性别有关的主题的视频增加了年轻人预防性暴力的知识（Maryanah，Masitoh，& Dzikar，2022）;因此，了解YouTube上的性暴力叙事是如何以多模式构建的，可以用来为学校、治疗机构或执法机构提供有关性暴力预防的信息，以及强调多模态分析在性暴力研究中的理论重要性。

ContextThe #MeToo Movement has transformed sharing sexual violence narratives into a form of feminist activism on social media. Existing literature on #MeToo primarily focuses on Twitter, paying limited scholarly attention to YouTube, despite it offering as a hub for the communication of such narratives (Almanssori & Stanley, 2021). Sexual abuse is often linked to an altered relationship with the survivor's self, disconnection from their bodies, loss of trust, or dissociation (Herman, 2015). Additionally, Almanssori & Stanley (2021) and Gay (2018) found that victims were conflicted about how they perceived their experience of sexual violence due to conflicting internalised ideologies. Therefore, having access to longer form of videos on YouTube and multimodal elements associated with the videos allows for a deep insight into the victims' experiences and how they view themselves and their surrounding environment. This project analyses sexual violence narratives as an artefact of personal healing and social importance on a platform that is host to both community support and anonymous trolling (Colliver & Coyle, 2020). This project has the scope for a thorough and holistic analysis of the videos and narratives by unpacking multiple facets of the videos and narratives, including multimodality. It has goals of exploring and understanding sexual violence narratives to add to a discussion of dismantling rape culture (Van Dijk, 2001). Research QuestionsUnder the broader goals of the project, I will seek to answer the following questions:1) How are ideologies reproduced or rejected?2) How are the narratives structured linguistically and visually?3) How do the victims or video publishers accommodate, or not, towards their audience?MethodologyThe corpus of videos will be analysed from a feminist critical discourse analysis perspective and a multimodal perspective. Lazar (2007) explains feminist discourse analysis as understanding 'how gender ideology and gendered relations of power get (re)produced, negotiated, and contested' (p. 150). Van Dijk (2001) claimed that 'critical discourse analysts take explicit position, and thus want to understand, expose, and ultimately resist social inequality' (p. 352), which is central to the aims of this research. This stance alongside the core of Lazar's (2007) FCDA paradigm, results in the analysis revolving specifically around the gender-related issues in sexual violence discourse. More broadly than the FCDA theoretical framework, the project shall draw from Fairclough's (2013) dialectal relational approach (DRA) framework. Crucially, this framework relies on the analysis of both discursive elements as well as social elements. This incorporation of social actions is naturally transdisciplinary in nature, enabling analysis of the curation of the videos as artefacts, and the impact of social ideologies that circulate. Within the field of forensic linguistics, the presence of multimodal analysis is important, especially in cases of sexual violence, as multimodal elements 'forge identity, orchestrate epistemic stance and distribute responsibility in the sociolegal organization of sexual assault' (Coulthard & Johnson, 2010, p. 542).I shall explore the lexical choices, paralinguistic features, and multimodal features that the victim employs to reproduce ideologies, create identities, and interact with an audience. ImplicationsQuantitative analysis has demonstrated that videos on gender-related topics increase young people's knowledge of sexual violence prevention (Maryanah, Masitoh, & Dzikar, 2022); therefore, understanding how sexual violence narratives on YouTube have been constructed multimodally can be used to inform resources on sexual violence prevention for schools, therapeutic settings, or law enforcement settings, as well as highlighting the theoretical importance of multimodal analysis in sexual violence research.