International Tobacco Control Policy Survey

该项目的主要目标是评估和了解几个国家级烟草控制政策的心理和行为影响，这些政策计划或可能在四个最大的英语国家中的至少一个国家实施-美国，加拿大，英国和澳大利亚-在未来三年内。在一项前瞻性队列设计中，参与者为每个国家的2，000多名成年吸烟者（总N = 9，013），他们每8个月接受一次45分钟的电话调查，持续5年。国际贸易中心的调查于2002年秋季成功发起，第二波于2003年夏季发起，目前正在申请资金，以继续支持第三至第五年的工作。调查包括吸烟行为的测量，吸烟和戒烟的心理社会预测因素，以及五个主要政策领域的政策相关变量：（1）加强警告标签，（2）消除或限制“淡”或“温和”术语作为香烟品牌描述符，（3）消除或限制烟草产品的广告和促销，（4）价格和税收的变化，和（5）替代尼古丁产品（例如，加热而不是燃烧烟草的产品）。准实验性设计包括国家之间的控制和国家内部的控制，因此将允许对迄今为止尚未得到系统评价的国家一级政策进行严格测试。有7个具体目标：（1）与政策不变的其他国家相比，检查一个国家实施的政策是否会影响自我报告的吸烟行为，（2）与政策不变的其他国家相比，检查一个国家实施的政策是否会增加与政策相关的心理社会变量，即与政策密切相关的变量，（3）与政策不变的其他国家相比，研究一个国家实施的政策是否会导致与吸烟和戒烟行为相关的社会心理变量水平的提高，（4）研究烟草控制政策的影响是否会被补偿行为（例如，价格上涨导致转向折扣品牌而不是戒烟），（5）检查烟草控制政策的影响是否受到情境和个体差异因素的调节，（6）确定可能解释烟草控制政策如何实现的心理社会机制，（或未能实现）他们的目标，以及（7）确定四个国家在与吸烟和戒烟有关的因素方面的相似性和差异性。本项目具有相当的时间紧迫性，因为最近通过的《烟草控制框架公约》是有史以来第一个关于健康的国际条约，它将使190多个国家（占世界人口的90%以上）有义务实施烟草控制政策，本项目将对这些政策进行评估，并有可能为世界各地未来的烟草控制政策提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad objective of the proposed project is to evaluate and understand the psychosocial and behavioral effects of several national-level tobacco control policies that are scheduled or likely to be implemented in at least one of the four largest English-speaking countries--United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia--over the next three years. In a prospective cohort design, the participants are 2,000+ adult smokers in each country (total N=9,013) who respond to a 45-minute telephone survey every 8 months for 5 years. The ITC survey had its successful launch in Fall 2002 and second wave in Summer 2003, and funds are being requested to continue support for Years 3-5. The survey includes measures of smoking behavior, psychosocial predictors of smoking and quitting, and policy-relevant variables in five major policy domains: (1) enhancement of warning labels, (2) elimination or restriction of the terms "light" or "mild" as cigarette brand descriptors, (3) elimination or restrictions on advertising and promotion of tobacco products, (4) changes in price and taxation, and (5) alternative nicotine products (e.g., products that heat, rather than burn, tobacco). The quasi-experimental design includes both between-country controls and within-country controls and will thus allow rigorous tests of national-level policies that heretofore have not been systematically evaluated. There are 7 specific aims: (1) to examine whether a policy introduced in one country will affect self-reported smoking behavior, in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (2) to examine whether a policy introduced in one country will enhance policy-relevant psychosocial variables, that is, those that are closely related to the policy, in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (3) to examine whether a policy introduced in one country will lead to enhance levels of psychosocial variables known to be related to smoking and quitting behavior, in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (4) to examine whether the effects of tobacco control policies may be offset by compensatory behaviors (e.g., price increases leading to shifts toward discount brands rather than to quitting), (5) to examine whether the effects of tobacco control policies are moderated by situational and individual-difference factors, (6) to identify the psychosocial mechanisms that may explain how tobacco control policies achieve (or fail to achieve) their goals, and (7) to identify similarities and differences across the four countries in the factors that relate to smoking and cessation. This project has considerable time urgency because of the recently adopted Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-the first-ever international treaty on health-which will obligate over 190 countries (over 90% of the world's population) to tobacco control policies that will be evaluated by this project, and has the potential to inform future tobacco control policies throughout the world.