CORE--DATA COLLECTION AND TRANSCRIPTION

描述：(申请人提供)获得沟通能力 使用自然语言和象征性手势是人类独特的能力， 是人与人之间信息交流的基础。到目前为止还没有 关于这一过程对环境和环境的影响程度的共识 生物变异。拟议的计划项目重点关注这一问题， 探索语言学习过程的程度和限度。至 考察面对环境变化时的语言增长(项目I)，a 选定的反映人口分布情况的一组儿童 芝加哥地区将被纵向观察，无论是在家里还是在托儿所， 着眼于确定语音变化之间的关系 照顾者和儿童语言技能的差异。评估将 由4个月大的儿童的生产和理解以及成人的投入组成 间隔时间从14到58毫秒。使用这些数据，增长曲线将 为每个儿童构建的，以跟踪语言随时间的发展，并 检查儿童的语言进步与输入变化的关系。至 探索面对生物变异的语言增长(项目III)，a 单侧脑损伤组14~58岁儿童观察 莫斯。着眼于描述他们的语言发展，并确定 环境变化在预测它们的生长中是否起到同样的作用 在没有遭受脑损伤的儿童中也是如此。 除了传统的措施外，还将使用另外两个探头。(1) 儿童的交流能力和儿童的交流输入将是 使用手势和语言进行评估(项目II)。手势将会是 对脑损伤组和完好组进行检查，以确定 与同龄人相比，说话迟缓的孩子会用手势 补偿这些延迟，并确定这些手势是否为照顾者 用他们自己的言语来预测儿童的个体差异 语言的成长。(2)交际能力的大脑基础将 使用功能磁共振成像技术进行评估(项目四)。语言和手势 不同时期脑损伤患者的技能评定 将对它们的发育进行评估；然后将使用功能磁共振探头来确定 哪些皮质区域参与语言和手势功能 发生在不同年龄的脑损伤后。三核提供广泛的 对项目的支持：行政核心A、数据收集和 转录核心B和统计核心C。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Acquiring the ability to communicate using natural language and symbolic gestures is a uniquely human capacity that underlies the exchange of information among people. There is as yet no consensus concerning how susceptible this process is to environmental and biological variation. The proposed Program Project focuses on this issue, exploring the extent and the limits of the language-learning process. To examine language growth in the face of environmental variation (Project I), a group of children selected to reflect the demographic distribution within the Chicago area will be observed longitudinally, both at home and at daycare, with an eye toward determining the relation between variations in the speech of caregivers and variations in children's language skills. Assessments will be made of child production and comprehension, and adult input, at 4-month intervals from 14 to 58 mos. Using these data, growth curves will be constructed for each child to track language development across time, and to examine the child's linguistic progress in relation to changes in input. To explore language growth in the face of biological variation (Project III), a group of children with unilateral brain injury will be observed from 14 to 58 mos. with an eye toward describing their language growth, and determining whether environmental variation plays the same role in predicting their growth as it does in children who have not suffered brain injury. Along with traditional measures, two additional probes will be used. (1) The child's communicative competence, and the child's communicative input, will be assessed using gesture as well as speech (Project II). Gesture will be examined in both the brain injured and intact groups to determine whether children who are delayed in speech relative to their peers use gesture to compensate for those delays, and to determine whether the gestures caregivers produce along with their own speech predict individual differences in child language growth. (2) The brain bases underlying communicative competence will be assessed using fMRI techniques (Project IV). The linguistic and gestural skills of individuals who have suffered brain injury at different points in their development will be assessed; fMRI probes will then be used to determine which cortical areas are involved in linguistic and gestural functioning following brain injury occurring at different ages. Three cores provide broad support to the projects: the Administrative Core A, the Data Collection and Transcription Core B, and the Statistical Core C.