Beyond The State: State Resistance & The Culture of Autonomy in Barbacha, Algeria

今天的人们离不开国家吗？《国家之外》是一个人类学项目，关于阿尔及利亚巴尔巴查自治社区的文化，从人种学的角度探索公民身份、非国家空间和解放社会运动。Barbacha社区的目标是通过复兴传统的民主做法，从国家中获得自治。巴巴契亚人是阿马齐格人，一个马格里布马利基逊尼派原住民社区。自独立以来，阿拉伯化政策、国家暴力和掠夺行为促使阿马齐格人与阿拉伯人对抗的殖民话语重新出现，导致阿马齐格人不断升级他们对自治的要求(1980年、1988年、1991年、2001年、2012年、2019年)。2001年，阿尔及利亚的阿马齐格诉诸塞伊马赫--殖民前的民主乡村会议--来取代国家机构，然而，研究认为，阿马齐格的传统政治组织形式已经被政党取代(Maddy-Weitzman，2022)。与这一全国性趋势相反的是，2001年，巴尔巴查用乡村法庭取代了州法院。在巴契亚人声称2012年的选举存在舞弊之后，他们重新建立了Thajma‘th，以对抗最终取代的国家机构(Tarlacrea，2014)。巴尔巴契亚人认为自己是阿马齐格人和阿拉伯人，尽管他们的目标是解散国家权力，但他们认为自己是阿尔及利亚公民，既参与土著政治，也参与国家政治。丰富的政治、后殖民和本土话语，Barbacha提供了一个自相矛盾的案例研究。巴契亚人居住在由自主过程产生的看似矛盾的模式中，阐明这些是该项目的主要目标。归属感在巴巴查意味着什么？巴巴契亚人是如何认同阿马齐格人和阿拉伯人的？他们如何认为自己是国家和非国家的主体？他们如何就参与国家和反国家政治进行谈判？这个项目将对巴尔巴查进行第一次民族志研究，以研究传统的民主实践和自治目标如何导致巴尔巴查的社会生活，以及这可以教给我们关于身份、公民身份和自治的东西。

Can people today live without the state? 'Beyond The State' is an anthropological project about the culture of the autonomous commune of Barbacha in Algeria, ethnographically exploring citizenship, non-state spaces and emancipatory social movements. The commune of Barbacha aims to become autonomous from the state via the revival of traditional democratic practices. Barbachians are Amazigh, an indigenous Maghrebian Maliki Sunni community. Since independence, Arabisation policies, state violence and precarity have prompted the reemergence of colonial discourses pitting the Amazigh against Arabs, resulting in repeated 'Berber Springs' (1980, 1988, 1991, 2001, 2012, 2019) where the Amazigh escalated their demands for autonomy. In 2001, Algerian Amazigh resorted to the thajma'th - pre-colonial democratic village assemblies - to replace state institutions, nevertheless, research posits that traditional forms of Amazigh political organisation have been superseded by political parties (Maddy-Weitzman, 2022). In contrast to this national trend, in 2001, Barbacha replaced state courts with village tribunals. Following what Barbachians claimed were fraudulent elections in 2012, they reinstituted the thajma'th to contend with an eventually supplant state institutions (Tarlacrea, 2014). Barbachians identify as Amazigh and Arab, and although they aim to dissolve state power, consider themselves Algerian citizens, participating in both indigenous and state politics. Rich with political, postcolonial and indigenous discourses, Barbacha offers a paradoxical case study. Barbachians inhabit seemingly contradictory modalities resulting from the autonomic process, and articulating these is the main aim of the project. What does belonging mean in Barbacha? How do Barbachians identify as Amazigh and Arab? How do they consider themselves national and non-state subjects? How do they negotiate participation in state and anti-state politics? This project will conduct the first ethnography of Barbacha to research how traditional democratic practices and autonomic goals have resulted in Barbacha's social life, and what this can teach us about identity, citizenship and autonomy.