Neural Bases of Effectiveness of Individually-Tailored Smoking Cessation Messages

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然量身定制的戒烟干预措施通常表现出积极的结果，但人们对这些干预措施的反应机制尚不清楚。我们提出了一系列的研究，检查与戒烟信息相关的神经基质，这些信息是根据吸烟者的需要和兴趣单独定制的。拟议的项目独特地结合了认知神经科学和公共卫生传播方法，以调查吸烟者如何对量身定制的戒烟信息作出反应。我们在一项初步的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究中证明，接受高定制戒烟信息（与低定制戒烟信息相比）的吸烟者表现出更大的内侧前额叶皮层（MPFC）激活，这与MPFC在处理自我相关材料中的作用一致。为了进一步研究对特定戒烟信息做出反应的神经基质，以及这些发现与随后实际戒烟的关系，我们提出了两项研究，每个研究分为两个阶段。研究1a（I期）调查了自我相关性在戒烟目标信息中的作用。我们将研究暴露于高度自我相关的，高定制的戒烟信息与低定制的自我相关的信息和控制自我相关性任务期间，每个受试者的MPFC的相对激活。88名吸烟者将在fMRI期间接受高定制和低定制的自我相关戒烟信息，并且还将完成测试自我相关性的对照任务（Phan et al.，2004年）。研究结果将告知是否更大的MPFC激活高度定制的自我相关的戒烟信息与更大的自我参照处理。在研究1b（第2阶段）中，我们将在fMRI扫描（研究1a）后立即向每名研究1a参与者实施先前测试的基于网络的定制戒烟计划。受试者将在4个月内接受随访，并评估实际戒烟情况。研究1b将探索特定大脑区域激活与自我相关的吸烟信息和随后的戒烟之间的关联。研究2调查了两种不同类型的戒烟信息的作用：动机信息（为什么戒烟）和指导信息（如何戒烟）在戒烟的目标信息。在研究2a（第1阶段）中，另外88名吸烟者将在fMRI期间接受高度定制的激励信息，高度定制的指导信息和中性信息。在研究2b（第2阶段）中，研究2a的参与者将在fMRI扫描后立即接受基于网络的定制戒烟计划，然后在四个月内进行随访，以确定实际戒烟情况。研究2b将探索特定的大脑区域激活之间的关系，以响应定制的动机和指导戒烟信息和随后的戒烟。这些研究的结果将开始确定最佳信息定制的具体途径，以对戒烟产生最大的影响。尼古丁成瘾是一个重要的公共卫生问题。该项目结合了公共卫生，心理学和神经科学研究方法，以了解吸烟者如何对个性化的戒烟信息做出反应，以改善戒烟计划。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While tailored smoking cessation interventions have generally demonstrated positive outcomes, the mechanisms by which people respond to these interventions are less well understood. We are proposing a series of studies that examines the neural substrates associated with smoking cessation messages individually tailored to smokers' needs and interests. The proposed project uniquely combines cognitive neuroscience and public health communications methods to investigate how smokers respond to tailored smoking cessation messages. We have demonstrated in a preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that smokers receiving high-tailored smoking cessation messages (compared to low-tailored cessation messages) showed greater medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activation, consistent with the role of MPFC in processing self-relevant material. To further investigate the neural substrates that respond to specific tailored smoking cessation messages and importantly the relationship of these findings to subsequent actual smoking cessation, we propose two studies, each with two phases. Study 1a (Phase I) investigates the role of self-relevance in targeted messaging for smoking cessation. We will examine the relative activation of the MPFC in each subject during exposure to highly self-relevant, high-tailored smoking cessation messages in contrast to low-tailored self-relevant messages and a control self-relevance task. 88 cigarette smokers will receive high-tailored and low-tailored self-relevant smoking cessation messages during fMRI, and will also complete a control task testing self-relevance (Phan et al., 2004). The findings will inform whether greater MPFC activation to high- tailored self-relevant smoking cessation messages is associated with greater self-referential processing. In Study 1b (Phase 2), we will administer to each Study 1a participant a previously tested web-based tailored smoking cessation program immediately following the fMRI scanning (Study 1a) session. Subjects will be followed up in four months and assessed on actual smoking abstinence. Study 1b will explore associations between specific brain region activations from self-relevant smoking messages and subsequent cessation. Study 2 investigates the role of two different types of smoking cessation messages: motivational messages (why to quit) and instructional messages (how to quit) in targeted messaging for smoking cessation. In Study 2a (Phase1), another 88 cigarette smokers will receive high-tailored motivational messages, high-tailored instructional messages, and neutral messages during fMRI. In Study 2b (Phase 2), Study 2a participants will receive the web-based tailored smoking cessation program immediately after the fMRI scanning session and then be followed up in four months to determine actual smoking abstinence. Study 2b will explore the relationship between specific brain region activations in response to tailored motivational and instructional cessation messages and subsequent cessation. The results of these studies will begin to identify specific pathways for optimal message tailoring to make the largest impact on smoking cessation. Nicotine addiction is an important public health concern. The project combines public health, psychology, and neuroscience research methods to understand how smokers respond to individualized smoking cessation messages in an effort to improve smoking cessation programs.