Southern African HIV, AIDS and Tuberculosis Scientific Capacity Building Program

拟议中的艾滋病毒、艾滋病和结核病（TB）研究培训计划建立在过去10年的成功和教训的基础上。不断增长的研究基础设施，不断增长的当地艾滋病毒，艾滋病和结核病科学专业知识和能力，从基础科学，临床，流行病学和社会科学研究连续进行研究，创造了一系列新的挑战和机遇，这一迄今为止成功的培训计划。 不断发展的艾滋病毒，艾滋病和结核病流行病和不断增长的本地科学基础和与美国领先科学家的合作需要对该计划进行一些调整，以满足南非和该地区现有和新出现的研究培训需求。该计划过去的44名长期和69名短期受训人员具有科学生产力（515篇出版物，包括《科学》、《自然》和《柳叶刀》杂志上的论文），在艾滋病毒、艾滋病和结核病方面做出了重大的新科学贡献。 他们为南非成功获得关键的NIH和其他国际艾滋病毒和结核病赠款发挥了重要作用，并在这些领域担任了几个关键的领导职务。在前几个资助周期中，美国和南非之间的艾滋病毒、艾滋病和结核病培训、研究和指导的连续性已经在一定程度上平衡了美国和南非之间的伙伴关系。 还有更多的工作要做，特别是随着耐多药结核病的增长和广泛耐药结核病的出现，艾滋病治疗提供和艾滋病治疗计划评估的培训挑战变得更加紧迫。该项目在当前周期的重点是确定南非现有艾滋病毒、艾滋病和结核病卓越研究中心的关键差距，并招募、培训和指导适当的热情、聪明的年轻和成熟的中级研究人员，为他们提供设计和开展大规模临床试验所需的知识基础和技能（特别是艾滋病毒疫苗、杀微生物剂、新的结核病诊断和药物）; C分支致病机理研究、艾滋病毒/结核病相互作用研究和抗逆转录病毒治疗效果评估。目标是加强南非现有的艾滋病毒和结核病独立研究小组并扩大其数量;加强南非承担更多国家和区域艾滋病毒、艾滋病和结核病培训需求的能力，并发展必要的技能，以操作、实施和监测南非扩大艾滋病治疗的工作。在对培训重点进行持续评估的指导下，并在美国-南非科学咨询委员会的认真监督下，我们将继续在美国和南非提供各种短期至中期和长期的艾滋病毒、艾滋病和结核病研究培训机会。将优先考虑来自公认的艾滋病毒/艾滋病和结核病研究小组的受训人员。美国和南非之间的培训机会将得到均等化。这包括在南非建立一个高质量的流行病学硕士课程，最初由美国和南非教师联合授课。由美国国立卫生研究院、疾病预防控制中心和其他机构资助的艾滋病和结核病项目丰富多样，为实习生提供了各种培训和研究机会。总体而言，该计划旨在增加南非独立的艾滋病和结核病研究人员的数量，以便为未来的国内指导和培训提供当地的临界质量。虽然这是一个长期目标，但拟议的计划以过去5年中学到的最有价值的经验教训为基础，充分武装了这一任务，例如持续的国内指导，指导和支持的重要性，协助撰写赠款，以及招募已经在生产性艾滋病毒，艾滋病和结核病研究小组的候选人。

The proposed HIV, AIDS and Tuberculosis (TB) research training program builds on the successes and lessons of the previous 10 years. The growing research infrastructure, the growing local HIV, AIDS and TB scientific expertise and capacity to undertake research across a continuum from basic science, clinical, epidemiological and social science research creates a new set of challenges and opportunities for this hitherto successful training program. The evolving HIV, AIDS and TB epidemics and the growing local science base and collaborations with leading US scientists require some adaptation of the program to meet the existing and emerging research training needs in South Africa and the region. The past 44 long-term and 69 short-term trainees of the program have been scientifically productive (515 publications including papers in Science, Nature, and Lancet), have made major new scientific contributions in HIV, AIDS and TB. They have been instrumental to South Africa's success in securing pivotal NIH and other international HIV and TB grants and have taken up several key leadership positions in these fields. The continuum of HIV, AIDS and TB training, research, and mentoring between the US and SA in the previous funding cycles have already gone some way towards equalizing the partnership between the US and South Africa. More still needs to be done, especially as the challenge of training for AIDS treatment provision and AIDS treatment program evaluations becomes more immediate and with the growth in MDR TB and the emergence of XDR TB. The emphasis of the program in this current cycle will be to identify critical gaps in existing centers of HIV, AIDS and TB research excellence in South Africa and recruit, train and mentor appropriate enthusiastic, bright young and established mid-level investigators to provide them with the knowledge base and skills needed for the design and conduct of large-scale clinical trials (esp for HIV vaccines, microbicides, new TB diagnostics and drugs); Clade C pathogenesis studies, studies on the HIV/TB interaction and evaluation of the impact of ARV treatment. The goal is to strengthen existing and expand the number of independent HIV and TB research teams in South Africa; strengthen South Africa's capacity to assume more of the country's and region's HIV, AIDS and TB training needs and developing the skills needed to operationalize, implement and monitor the South African scale-up of AIDS treatment. Guided by the ongoing assessment of training priorities and with careful oversight from a balanced US-SA Scientific Advisory Committee, we will continue to provide as appropriate a variety of short-to-medium, and long-term HIV, AIDS and TB research training opportunities in the US and South Africa. Priority will be given to trainees from recognized HIV/AIDS and TB research groups. Vigorous effort will go towards equalization of the training opportunities between the US and South Africa. This includes the establishment of a high quality masters program in epidemiology in South Africa taught initially jointly by US and South African faculty. A rich tapestry of AIDS and TB projects funded by NIH, CDC, and others offer diverse training and research opportunities to trainees for their placements. Overall, this program is designed to increase the number of independent established AIDS and TB researchers in South Africa so that there is local critical mass for future in-country mentorship and training. While this is a long-term goal, the proposed program sets about this task well armed with the most valuable lessons learnt in the last 5 years such as the importance of ongoing in-country mentorship, guidance and support, assistance with grant writing, and recruitment of candidates who are already in productive HIV, AIDS and TB research groups.