Tobacco Industry Influence on the U.S. Military

描述(由申请者提供)：在美国军队中使用烟草会降低部队的健康和准备状态，并增加成本。尽管在过去的几十年里，军事人员的吸烟人数有所减少，但仍居高不下，令人无法接受。在美国，每年有40多万人死于烟草，吸烟被证明是多种癌症和其他疾病的诱因。烟草业对武装部队的兴趣可以追溯到第一次世界大战，当时陆军部向士兵分发香烟，并一直延续到今天，尽管军队做出了公共卫生努力，减少烟草的使用。新兵往往很年轻，而且是第一次离家出走，他们代表着烟草行业的一个重要市场。针对军队的烟草推广、军事小卖部降低烟草价格，以及烟草业为拖延或阻挠军队内有效的烟草控制政策所作的努力，都有助于在服役人员中启动和维持烟草使用。还有证据表明，烟草业利用其军事关系在世界各地推广烟草的使用。了解和打击烟草业的影响对于减少军事人员的烟草使用至关重要。该项目将通过以下方式解决烟草行业对美国军队的影响：1)检索和分析烟草行业内部文件，以描述烟草行业与军队四个现役部门(陆军、海军、海军陆战队、空军)有关的活动；2)通过政策内容分析和对政策领导人的采访，检查国防部和服务部门当前的烟草政策和做法；以及3)开发一套关于军队内烟草控制政策制定和实施的案例研究。根据目标1-3的结果，我们将制定和传播烟草控制政策和倡议的建议，以解决当前军事烟草控制政策的差距。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use in the U.S. military diminishes troop health and readiness, and increases costs. Although smoking among military personnel has decreased in the past few decades, it still remains unacceptably high. In the U.S., tobacco accounts for more than 400,000 deaths each year, and smoking is a proven cause of several types of cancers and other diseases. The tobacco industry's interest in the armed forces dates to World War I, when cigarettes were distributed to soldiers by the War Department, and continues to the present day, despite military public health efforts to reduce tobacco use. Military recruits, often young and away from home for the first time, represent an important market for the tobacco industry. Military-specific tobacco promotion, reduced prices for tobacco at military commissaries, and tobacco industry efforts to delay or thwart effective tobacco control policies within the military contribute to tobacco use initiation and sustenance among service personnel. There is also evidence that the industry has utilized its military connections to further the use of tobacco around the world. Understanding and countering tobacco industry influence is essential for reducing tobacco use among military personnel. This project will address the tobacco industry's influence on the U. S. military by: 1) Retrieving and analyzing internal tobacco industry documents in order to describe the tobacco industry's activities pertaining to the four active branches of the military (Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force); 2) Examining current tobacco policies and practices in the Department of Defense (DoD) and service branches through a content analysis of policies and interviews with policy leaders; and 3) Developing a set of case studies of tobacco control policy development and implementation within the military. Drawing on the results of Aims #1-3, we will develop and disseminate recommendations for tobacco control policies and initiatives, which address gaps in current military tobacco control policies.