Hydrogeology Core

对地下水流动状况的详细了解是了解地球化学的前提条件。 地下的过程。确定补给和排放区域和机制，以及流量 线是描述地球化学演化趋势的关键--包括As浓度的变化， 并对反应速度进行量化。水文地质支持核心将提供以下工具和专业知识 收集和分析项目5、6和7的广泛水文地质数据，并进行研究 翻译核心。将获得并解释以下类型的数据：1)经度、纬度和 2)岩心样品和钻屑的含水层地层学、水头、传导性、 储存量和孔隙度数据；3)地球物理数据，主要是频率电磁电导率和井下测井 以及4)示踪剂数据(SF6、CH4、Br3、3He、13C、14C， 13C、18O、2H)。核心将提供和运营的设备包括：1)多层井，2)a) GeoProbe和其他推式取心和取样设备，3)原地地下水监测设备，4)a 频率电磁电导系统，5)各种井下测井仪，6)样品制备系统 同位素分析、气相色谱仪和惰性气体质谱仪。碳(13C、14C)和 水的同位素(18O，2H)分析将由商业实验室进行。核心将提供支持 对于各种推拉和强迫坡度的原位实验，重点是表征 注射和使用示踪剂追踪注入的液体。示踪剂数据也将用于提取地下水。 一系列时间范围(从几个月到一万年)的驻留时间，以确定充值和 这将有助于确定排泄区和机制，并跟踪地下水在含水层中的混合情况。研究支持 CORE将为地下水流动和反应运移提供三维建模能力 模拟。我们将使用水力和示踪数据作为模型地下水流动的校准目标和 传输模型，它将为辅助的反应性传输建模提供基线 生物地球化学核心获得的生物地球化学数据。

Detailed knowledge of the groundwater flow regime is a pre-condition for understanding the geochemical processes in the subsurface. Identification of recharge and discharge areas and mechanisms, as well as flow lines, are essential for delineating trends in geochemical evolution?including changes in As concentrations, and to quantify reaction rates. The Hydrogeology Support Core will provide the tools and expertise for collection and analysis of a broad range of hydrogeological data for Projects 5, 6 and 7, and the Research Translation Core. The following types of data will be obtained and interpreted: 1) longitude, latitude, and elevation; 2) stratigraphy of the aquifer from core samples and drill cuttings, hydraulic head, conductivity, storativity, and porosity data; 3) geophysical data, primarily frequency EM conductivity, and down-hole logs of resistivity, gamma, flow velocity, and televiewer images; and 4) tracer data (SF6, CH4, Br, 3H/3He, 13C, 14C, 13C, 18O, 2H). The equipment to be provided and operated by the Core include: 1) Multilevel wells, 2) a Geoprobe and other push coring and sampling devices, 3) in situ groundwater monitoring devices, 4) a frequency EM conductivity system, 5) various down-hole logging tools, 6) sample preparation systems for isotopic analyses, 7) gas chromatographs, and 8) noble gas mass spectrometers. Carbon (13C, 14C) and water isotope (18O,2H) analyses will be performed by commercial laboratories. The Core will provide support for the various push/pull and forced gradient in situ experiments, with a focus on characterizing the zone of injections and tracking injected fluids with tracers. Tracer data will also be used to derive groundwater residence times for a range of time scales (from months to 10,000s of years), to identify recharge and discharge areas and mechanisms and to track groundwater mixing in the aquifers. The research support core will provide three-dimensional modeling capabilities for groundwater flow and reactive transport simulations. We will use hydraulic and tracer data as calibration targets for the model groundwater flow and transport model, which will then provide the baseline for reactive transport modeling aided with biogeochemical data obtained by the Biogeochemistry Core.