INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION ON TIME-COURSE OF DIET ADAPTATION

该子项目是利用NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为中心机构，不一定为研究者机构。在美国，肥胖人数已经成为一个严重的公共健康问题。目前，三分之二的美国成年女性超重，其中大约一半是肥胖。这种超重增加了因慢性疾病如心血管疾病、中风、糖尿病、骨关节炎和某些癌症而过早死亡的风险。肥胖的两个原因是久坐不动的生活方式和高脂肪饮食。久坐不动的生活方式导致在受试者食用高脂肪饮食的一段时间内每日能量消耗减少和脂肪氧化缓慢增加。然而，我们认为这取决于膳食脂肪的类型。高单不饱和脂肪的饮食，在橄榄油中发现的类型，应该导致更大的脂肪氧化比高饱和脂肪的饮食，在肉类和奶制品中发现的类型。 肥胖和非肥胖女性受试者将在四个不同的场合进行为期六天的研究。每个场合都会在脂肪和运动治疗不同。这些措施是：（1）高饱和脂肪饮食和低水平运动，以及（2）高饱和脂肪饮食和1小时中等强度自行车骑行。其他两种治疗方法是（1）高单不饱和脂肪饮食和低水平运动或（2）1小时的适度自行车运动。 我们将测量运动后一天的总脂肪燃烧量，以及受试者运动后早餐的脂肪燃烧量。我们预计单不饱和饮食的脂肪增加将较低，特别是当受试者进行日常锻炼时。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The number of obese people in the U.S. has become a serious public health problem. Currently, teo-thirds of adult American women are overweight and roughly half of these are obese. This excess weight increases the risk of early death from chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Two of the causes of obesity are a sedentary lifestyle and a high-fat diet. A sedentary lifestyle leads to reduced daily energy expenditure and a slow increase in fat oxidation during a period of days when the subject is eating a high-fat diet. We think, however, this varies depending on the type of dietary fat. Diets high in monounsaturated fat, the type found in olive oil, should result in greater fat oxidation than diets high in saturated fat, the type found in meats and dairy. Obese and non-obese female subjects will be studied for six days each on four different occasions. Each occasion will differ in the fat and exercise treatment. These are: (1) diets high in saturated fat and low levels of exercise and (2) diets high in saturated fat with 1 hour of moderate intensity bike riding. The other two treatments are (1) diets high in monounsaturated fat with low levels of exercise or (2) 1 hour of moderate bicycle exercise. We will measure total fat burning for a day after exercise as well as the burning of fat from a breakfast given to the subjects after they exercise. We expect that the fat gain will be lower for the monounsaturated diet, especially when the subjects perform daily exercise.