Changing Dynamics of Anopheline Transmission of Malaria and Filariasis in Papua n

项目概述--目前，人们对蚊媒疟疾的潜在可能性重新产生了兴趣 控制和部署驱虫蚊帐(驱虫蚊帐)现在是明确提出的计划的一个主要特点 由联合国的千年发展项目、世卫组织的减少疟疾计划和 总统的疟疾倡议。虽然这些项目肯定会从先前的经验中获益，但这一点很重要 承认这些工作的设计通常基于没有捕获 景观变化、蚊子种类分布或媒介与多种病原体的相互作用 它们会传播。这让我们得出了一个总体假设，即控制策略是由过于笼统的 景观和生态评估不足以有效地对付所有嗜人蚊子 这将无法减轻高危地区疟疾的负担。对于这种传染病的生态 疾病(EID)项目，我们的总体目标是提供对细微和中等规模因素的洞察 有助于各村庄蚊媒寄生虫传播的风险差异，并由 同时发生的人为变化和其他局部环境因素。我们的研究设计将提供 100平方公里范围内聚集村蚊媒疾病控制效果分析 以复杂的蚊虫和蚊媒疾病生态为特征。基于系统的并发 生态模拟将评估人为变化，包括ITN和大规模药物的部署 针对特定寄生虫物种的管理，将影响按蚊媒介生态， 蚊子的分布和疟原虫(疟疾)或班克罗夫提(淋巴管)的传播 丝虫病)。 该项目的具体目标是： 1.评价和绘制马尾松毛虫种群数量和分布图 根据植物群落、动物群落和人类群落的潜在景观异质性 巴新北部的不同生态地点。 2.检查蚊子和人类感染疟原虫物种和W。 Bancrofti在部署经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐的背景下，并结合特定寄生虫 大规模药物管理(MDA)。 3.推动和加强针对重大公共卫生问题的传染病生态培训 巴布亚新几内亚通过建立的福格蒂国际中心全球传染病 研究培训计划。

Project Summary - Currently, interest is resurfacing in the potential of mosquito-based malaria control and the deployment of insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) is now a central feature of plans articulated by the United Nation's Millennium Development Project, WHO's Roll Back Malaria program, and the President's Malaria Initiative. While these programs are certain to gain from prior experience, it is important to acknowledge that the design of these efforts is often based on data dimensions that do not capture landscape variation, mosquito species distribution, or vectors' interactions with the multiple pathogens that they transmit. This leads us to an overall hypothesis that control strategies guided by overly generalized landscape and ecological assessments will not be sufficiently effective against all anthropophagic mosquito species, and will fail to reduce the burden of malaria in high-risk areas. For this Ecology of Infectious Disease (EID) project, our overall objective is to provide insight into the fine- and medium-scale factors that contribute to village-by-village risk differences for mosquito-borne parasite transmission, as modified by intercurrent anthropogenic change and other local environmental factors. Our study design will provide analysis of mosquito-based disease control among villages clustered within scales of < 100 km2 in settings characterized by complex mosquito and mosquito-borne disease ecology. Concurrent, systems-based ecological modeling will evaluate how anthropogenic changes, including deployment of ITN and mass drug administration targeting specific parasite species, will influence Anopheline mosquito vector ecology, distribution of mosquitoes, and transmissionof Plasmodium species (malaria) or W. bancrofti (lymphatic filariasis) in the long term. Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Evaluate and map the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes belonging to the A. punctulatus group according to underlying landscape heterogeneity of plant, animal, and human communities in four ecologically different sites in northern PNG. 2. Examine the change in patterns of mosquito and human infection with Plasmodium species and with W. bancrofti in the context of deploying insecticide-treated bednets and in conjunction with parasite-specific mass drug administration (MDA). 3. Promote and strengthen training in infectious diseases ecology for significant public health problems in Papua New Guinea through an established Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Diseases Research Training Program.