Changing Dynamics of Anopheline Transmission of Malaria and Filariasis in Papua n

描述（由申请人提供）：目前，人们对以蚊子为基础的疟疾控制潜力的兴趣正在重新浮现，部署经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）现在是联合国千年发展项目、世卫组织遏制疟疾规划和总统疟疾倡议所阐述的计划的核心特征。虽然这些计划肯定会从先前的经验中获得，但重要的是要承认，这些努力的设计通常基于数据维度，而没有捕捉到景观变化、蚊子种类分布或媒介与它们传播的多种病原体的相互作用。这导致我们提出一个总体假设，即以过度广义的景观和生态评估为指导的控制策略对所有食人蚊子物种都不够有效，并且将无法减轻高风险地区的疟疾负担。对于这个传染病生态学（EID）项目，我们的总体目标是深入了解在人为变化和其他当地环境因素共同作用下，导致逐村蚊媒寄生虫传播风险差异的中小尺度因素。我们的研究设计将在以复杂的蚊子和蚊媒疾病生态为特征的小于100平方公里范围内聚集的村庄中分析基于蚊子的疾病控制。同时，基于系统的生态建模将评估人为变化，包括ITN的部署和针对特定寄生虫物种的大规模药物管理，将如何影响按蚊媒介生态。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Currently, interest is resurfacing in the potential of mosquito-based malaria control and the deployment of insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) is now a central feature of plans articulated by the United Nation's Millennium Development Project, WHO's Roll Back Malaria program, and the President's Malaria Initiative. While these programs are certain to gain from prior experience, it is important to acknowledge that the design of these efforts is often based on data dimensions that do not capture landscape variation, mosquito species distribution, or vectors' interactions with the multiple pathogens that they transmit. This leads us to an overall hypothesis that control strategies guided by overly generalized landscape and ecological assessments will not be sufficiently effective against all anthropophagic mosquito species, and will fail to reduce the burden of malaria in high-risk areas. For this Ecology of Infectious Disease (EID) project, our overall objective is to provide insight into the fine- and medium-scale factors that contribute to village-by-village risk differences for mosquito-borne parasite transmission, as modified by intercurrent anthropogenic change and other local environmental factors. Our study design will provide analysis of mosquito-based disease control among villages clustered within scales of < 100 km2 in settings characterized by complex mosquito and mosquito-borne disease ecology. Concurrent, systems-based ecological modeling will evaluate how anthropogenic changes, including deployment of ITN and mass drug administration targeting specific parasite species, will influence Anopheline mosquito vector ecology, distribution of mosquitoes, and transmission of Plasmodium species (malaria) or W. bancrofti (lymphatic filariasis) in the long term. Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Evaluate and map the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes belonging to the A. punctulatus group according to underlying landscape heterogeneity of plant, animal, and human communities in four ecologically different sites in northern PNG. 2. Examine the change in patterns of mosquito and human infection with Plasmodium species and with W. bancrofti in the context of deploying insecticide-treated bednets and in conjunction with parasite-specific mass drug administration (MDA). 3. Promote and strengthen training in infectious diseases ecology for significant public health problems in Papua New Guinea through an established Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Diseases Research Training program.