Social Isolation, Loneliness, Health & the Aging Process

拟议的计划项目赠款的目的是汇集社会学，心理学， 生物学层面的分析，以影响社会隔离之间的关系和机制， 孤独感、健康和衰老过程。社会关系是情感满足的基础， 行为调整和认知功能。最近的研究表明， 关系随着年龄增长而增长。然而，社会关系的数量减少，社会事件触发 孤独感在老年人中继续存在。此外，他们的身体老化，往往是较低的弹性，所以这些 心理社会挑战可能会使他们容易感到孤独，烦躁不安，情绪高涨， 神经内分泌应激反应延长和健康状况不佳。孤独症可从广义上预测发病率和死亡率 即使在控制了健康行为和生物风险因素之后，了解 因此，可以研究孤独感的前因及其对身心健康的影响 在老年人中有效，并且特别重要，因为美国的预期寿命增加了， 老年人的数量急剧增加。项目1在老年人中使用纵向设计， 孤独的时间稳定性，孤独体验的预测因子，以及生理（例如， 自主的）和行为的（例如，健康行为，睡眠）与孤独感相关的影响。项目2用途 国家调查数据和相关的医疗保险索赔数据，以研究孤独的起源和后果， 社会环境的压力。项目3是一个易受社会孤立和破坏的动物模型， 一种个体特征，确定增加感染风险的特定激素和免疫后遗症， 和恶性疾病。还有两个核心为项目提供广泛的支持：核心A 核心B是数据管理和统计管理核心。

The purpose of the proposed Program Project Grant is to bring together sociological, psychological, and biological levels of analyses to bear on the relationships among and mechanisms underlying social isolation, feelings of loneliness, health, and the aging process. Social relationships are fundamental to emotional fulfillment, behavioral adjustment, and cognitive function. Recent research has shown that emotional closeness in relationships increases with age. Yet the number of social relationships decreases and social events triggering loneliness continue in the older adult. Moreover, they are physically aging and tend to be less resilient so these psychosocial challenges could potentially leave them vulnerable to feelings of loneliness, dysphoria, elevated and prolonged neuroendocrine stress responses, and ill health. Loneliness predicts morbidity and mortality from broad based causes in later life even after controlling for health behaviors and biological risk factors. Understanding the antecedents of feelings of loneliness and their consequences for mental and physical health can thus be studied effectively in older adults and is particularly important because life expectancy has increased in the U.S., increasing dramatically the number of older adults. Project 1uses a longitudinal design in older adults to examine the temporal stability of loneliness, the predictors of the experience of loneliness, and the physiological (e.g., autonomic) and behavioral (e.g., health behaviors, sleep) effects associated with loneliness. Project 2 uses national survey data and linked Medicare claims data to examine the origins and consequences of loneliness and stress in the social environment. Project 3 is an animal model of vulnerability to social isolation and disruption as an individual trait, identifying the specific hormonal and immunological sequelae that increase risk for infectious and malignant disease during aging. There are also two cores that provide broad support to the projects: Core A the administrative core, and Core B the data management and statistical management core.