TAILORING ENRICHMENT TO REARING AND RESEARCH

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 该项目包括与制定全面的环境丰富计划有关的非人类灵长类群体管理的几项研究。为了继续在研究设施中改进灵长类动物的护理方面取得进展，有必要更好地确定如何根据生物医学研究中使用的灵长类动物的管理来调整增菌技术。生物医学研究可能需要对可用于研究动物的增菌技术类型进行限制，同时可能会改变动物的心理需求。该项目为猕猴(Macaca Mulatta)的福祉和管理提供了直接的好处。重点放在管理的三个方面，这些方面可能随着饲养和研究用途的不同而有很大的不同：(1)社会分组，包括比较寄养的猴子和那些寄养的猴子，使它们通过渗透的屏障进行互动；(2)人类互动作为单独饲养的猴子的一种丰富形式；以及(3)对持续心理困扰的个人的治疗，包括作为干预的社会化和人类互动。行为和生理依赖措施被用作幸福感的指标，包括正常和异常行为、健康评估、临床治疗记录和皮质醇浓度。结果表明，正强化训练对恒河猴有时表现出的各种异常行为不是有效的干预手段。这项研究利用了一个独特的机会，记录了随着行为管理的改善而改变环境的影响，并衡量了各种结果。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This project includes several studies relevant to the management of nonhuman primate colonies in relation to development of a comprehensive environmental enrichment program. To continue progress in refining the care of primates in research facilities, it is necessary to better determine how enrichment techniques should be tailored to the management of primates used in biomedical research. Biomedical studies may require restrictions on the type of enrichment techniques that can be implemented for study animals, and may at the same time alter the psychological needs of the animals. This project provides direct benefit to the well-being and management of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Focus has been placed on three aspects of management that may vary considerably with rearing and research use: (1) social grouping including a comparison of monkeys housed together with those housed such that they interact through a permeated barrier, (2) human interaction as a form of enrichment for singly housed monkeys, and (3) the treatment of individuals in persistent psychological distress, including socialization and human interaction as interventions. Behavioral and physiological dependent measures are employed as indicators of well-being, including normal and abnormal behavior, health assessments, clinical treatment records, and cortisol concentrations. Results indicate that positive reinforcement training is not an effective intervention for various types of abnormal behaviors sometimes expressed in rhesus monkeys. The study takes advantage of a unique opportunity to document the effects of altering environmental enhancement in keeping with improved behavioral management, and measuring a variety of outcomes.