Sociodemographic, economic and biomedical determinants of multiple health behaviours in older adults

不吸烟、不锻炼、谨慎饮酒、选择健康饮食等日常活动对保持健康和避免慢性病非常重要。它们在中老年尤其显著，因为这是严重疾病，如冠心病、2型糖尿病和各种癌症的发展阶段。因此，我们需要了解哪些因素决定了健康的行为选择。这些活动通常是单独研究的，但观察多种行为将有助于我们理解更广泛的健康生活方式背后的因素。这项建议是对英国老龄化纵向研究(ELSA)的一系列分析，该研究于2002年开始，对来自英格兰所有地区的11,000多名年龄在50岁至100岁之间的男性和女性进行了纵向研究。我们的分析将调查吸烟、酗酒、体力活动以及水果和蔬菜摄入量在中老年人中是否聚集在一起，如果是这样的话，这些行为模式与社会经济地位和地理位置有何关系。我们还将调查健康行为模式在8至10年内如何变化，以及经济、社会和个人因素(如财富变化、工作和家庭状况、社会支持和身心健康)所扮演的角色。我们的第三个目标是了解这些健康行为与老年人的生物功能和行动能力的衡量标准之间的关系。这一结果将给我们提供有关健康生活方式障碍的重要知识，并为改变多种健康行为提供杠杆。它们将帮助我们制定新的方法，鼓励改变生活方式，特别是在人口中处于社会不利地位的部分，以保持老年人的健康。这也将有助于促进积极老龄化和提高晚年的生活质量。

Everyday activities such as not smoking, exercising, drinking alcohol prudently and choosing healthy diets are important to the maintenance of health and avoidance of chronic disease. They are particularly significant in middle and old age, since this is the phase of life in which serious diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers develop. We therefore need to understand what factors determine healthy behaviour choices. These activities are typically studied in isolation, but looking at multiple behaviours will help us understand the factors underlying broader healthy lifestyles. This proposal is for a series of analyses of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a longitudinal study of more than 11,000 men and women from all regions of England who were aged between 50 and 100 when the study began in 2002. Our analysis will investigate whether smoking, alcohol misuse, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable intake cluster together in middle-aged and older adults, and if so, how these patterns of behaviour relate to socioeconomic position and geographical location. We will also investigate how patterns of health behaviour change over an 8 to 10 year period, and what role is played by economic, social and personal factors such as changing wealth, work and family situation, social support and physical and mental health. Our third aim is understand how these health behaviours are related to measures of biological function and mobility in older adults. The results will give us vital knowledge about the barriers to healthy lifestyles, and levers for change that operate for multiple health behaviours. They will help us develop new methods of encouraging lifestyle changes, particularly in socially disadvantaged sectors of the population, so as to maintain health in older people. This will also aid the promotion of active ageing and enhanced quality of life in later years.