Inhibitory Control and Emotional Processing in Pediatric ADHD

描述（由申请人提供）：注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的特征是注意力不集中、多动和冲动。长期以来，抑制控制和相关的额纹状体（FS）回路的缺陷与该疾病有关，但最近的研究表明，额边缘（FL）回路内的异常情绪处理也可能是ADHD儿童多动的重要组成部分。因此，这两个领域的缺陷可能与ADHD有关，并决定了特定儿童表现出的临床表型。使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），目前的研究旨在同时调查FS和FL电路在同一组儿童的功能，因为这是最好的手段，以确定这两个电路是否有分离的功能和神经心理学相关的ADHD儿童。该研究将在60名儿童（8 - 12岁）（N = 30）和（N = 30）ADHD的功能FS电路在执行抑制控制功能磁共振成像任务和功能FL电路在执行情绪处理功能磁共振成像任务。这些假设是，这些电路的功能将不仅在儿童多动症和没有不同，但也有一个双重的分离将被发现在FS和FL电路的行为相关。本申请为指导患者为导向的研究职业发展奖（K23）还要求资助乔纳森波斯纳，医学博士追求培训成为一个独立的研究者必不可少的。这笔资金将支持一个全面的计划，包括正式的教学和研讨会，从儿科神经影像学，认知和情感神经科学领域的专家，和儿科精神病理学。这些培训活动将提高Posner博士在以下方面的知识：a）功能磁共振成像技术; B）ADHD的病理生理学、现象学和治疗; c）情感和认知神经科学; d）纵向神经成像研究设计; e）科学研究的伦理行为。 公共卫生相关性：ADHD与广泛的负面长期结果有关，并给儿童和家庭造成重大困难。对ADHD的神经生物学有更好的了解可能有助于推进对该疾病的病因学，遗传学和治疗的研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Deficits in inhibitory control and associated frontostriatal (FS) circuits have long been implicated in association with the disorder, but recent studies suggest that abnormal emotional processing within frontolimbic (FL) circuits may also be an important component of the hyperactivity evidenced in children with ADHD. Deficits in either domain may therefore be associated with ADHD and determine the clinical phenotype that a particular child exhibits. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the current study aims to investigate simultaneously the functioning of FS and FL circuits in the same group of children as this is the best means to determine whether these two circuits have dissociable functions and neuropsychological correlates in children with ADHD. The study will examine in 60 children (ages 8 - 12) with (N=30) and without (N=30) ADHD the functioning of FS circuits during the performance of an inhibitory control fMRI task and the functioning of FL circuits during the performance of an emotion processing fMRI task. The hypotheses are that the functioning of these circuits will not only differ in children with and without ADHD but also that a double dissociation will be found in the behavioral correlates of FS and FL circuits. This application for a Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) also requests funding for Jonathan Posner, MD to pursue training essential to becoming an independent investigator. This funding would support a comprehensive program including formal didactics and seminars from experts in the fields of pediatric neuroimaging, cognitive and affective neuroscience, and pediatric psychopathology. These training activities would enhance Dr. Posner's knowledge of a) fMRI techniques; b) the pathophysiology, phenomenology, and treatment of ADHD, c) affective and cognitive neuroscience; d) longitudinal neuroimaging study design; and e) the ethical conduct of scientific research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: ADHD is associated with a wide range of negative long-term outcomes, and causes significant hardship for children and families. Developing a better understanding of the neurobiology of ADHD may help advance research into the etiology, genetics, and treatment of the disorder.